Developing the Theory of Evolution
Evidence of Evolution
Natural Selection
Population Genetics
Additional Vocab
100
After this scientist went on a trip to the Galapagos Islands, he formed the theory of evolution via natural selection.
Who is Charles Darwin?
100
Charles Darwin thought that these remnants of organisms that lived long ago indicated obvious change over time, and allowed him to trace the evolutionary changes of similar organisms.
What are fossils?
100
This is the type of selection in which organisms tend to choose their mates based on certain traits.
What is sexual selection?
100
This is when individuals (and genes) are moving into or out of a population.
What is MIGRATION?
100
This type of selection occurs when breeders or farmers choose the genes that will be passed on to future generations.
What is artificial selection?
200
Jean Baptiste Lamarck came up with his theory of evolution around the same time as Darwin, except his theory was flawed because he believed that individuals could pass on traits that they develop throughout their lifetime. These traits are called ____________.
What are ACQUIRED traits?
200
The fact that the whale has remnants of a pelvis indicates a possible common ancestor with land animals. However, the pelvis no longer has any real function in a whale, which makes it THIS type of structure.
What are VESTIGIAL structures?
200
More organisms are born than will survive, thus, they will need to compete for food, resources, living space, etc. What is this called?
What is competition?
200
This is an event that happens by random chance to affect the allele frequencies in a population.
What is GENETIC DRIFT?
200
This type of evolution occurs when two species with interdependent relationships evolve at the same time due to each other's influences.
What is coevolution?
300
This is the theory that living things could arise from NON-living things (ex: flies on a piece of raw meat)
What is Spontaneous Generation?
300
Organisms in utero (in the womb) look alike in numerous types of organisms, indicating evidence of evolution. What is the name of the science that compares the embryos of organisms?
What is embryology?
300
The separation of species because they reproduce at different times results in this type of isolation.
What is reproductive isolation?
300
This is the physical separation of members of a population which could be a result of their original habitat being divided.
What is GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION?
300
This is the total genetic information available in a population.
What is the gene pool?
400
This is the scientist who performed an experiment by boiling broth to kill the bacteria and then exposed them to air.
Who is Louis Pasteur?
400
Sharks, dolphins, and penguins all have streamlined bodies and appendages that enable them to move through water. These similarities in structure due to function, although they do not have very common ancestors, show THIS type of structure.
What is an Analogous structure?
400
Besides gene shuffling during reproduction, THESE are the main sources of genetic variation that lead to natural selection.
What are mutations?
400
Organisms that are more likely to reproduce and create fertile offspring, passing these "good genes" onto future generations are said to have higher ______________...
What is fitness?
400
This is the process of genes moving from one population to another.
What is gene flow?
500
This is the theory in which scientists theorize that Eukaryotes evolved from Prokaryotes. Small Prokaryotes invaded larger Prokaryotes and formed symbiotic relationships, eventually evolving into the organelles of Eukaryotes. The fact that mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA is great evidence for this theory.
What is the Endosymbiont Theory?
500
If DNA can't be obtained, these organic molecules can be used to determine relationships between organisms. Scientists read the amino acid sequences and look for similarities to suggest evolutionary relationships.
What are proteins?
500
A single species that has undergone evolution into several different forms that live in different ways (ex: Galapagos finch beaks - diagram looks like a "wheel").
What is adaptive radiation?
500
This type of selection is shown when the phenotype distribution shifts towards the middle of the phenotype range and "average" traits are the most common.
What is STABILIZING SELECTION?
500
Sexual reproduction speeds up evolution because processes such as crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis increases the potential for THIS, which is a necessary component for evolution.
What is genetic diversity?
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