Species and Speciation
Similarities and Differences
Evolutionary Trees
Evolutionary Time
Geology & Embryology
100
A group of organisms of the same type that do not produce fertile descendants if mating with any other groups.
What is a species?
100
Paleontologists compare __________ to find similarities between species (both living and dead)
What are body structures?
100
This kind of organism diverged into amphibians and amniotes.
What are tetrapods?
100
True or False: Multicellular life has been present for the entirety of Earth's history.
False. For most of Earth's history (3.5 billion years) life either didn't exist or consisted of single celled organisms.
100
Number of the most recent layer/event.
What is 3?
200
a) What is a common ancestor population?
b) What is a descendant species?
a) An older species from which 2 or more different species evolved.
b) A newer species that evolved from an ancestor population
200
How are a human arm and a cat front limb similar? What does this tell you?
They both share a "one-two-many" bone structure. They share a common ancestor.
200
This is a direct descendant of the oldest common ancestor.
What is the shark?
200
This is the most common division of time used to describe events on Earth - Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic are used with this word.
What is an era?
200
Because embryos have structures that are not present in the fully formed animals, which can show relationships that are not apparent by comparing fully developed structures.
Why do scientists compare the embryos of different species in addition to fully formed organisms of those species?
300
Similarities in the body structures of species is possible evidence that the species are ___________.
What is related?
300
Where do organisms get their body structures from? Where do species get their body structures from?
They inherit them (like all traits) from their parents. Species inherit body structures from ancestor populations.
300
There are 7 of these on this cladogram.
How many derived traits are there?
300
Which of the following changes in traits would take the longest time. Why?
a) A population of tortoises evolves longer necks due to higher location of food sources.
b) A population of fish develop lungs and limbs to survive on land.
c) A population of birds keeps its wings but loses the ability to fly because of little predation.
b) Developing lungs and limbs require very big changes to body structures. The larger the structure change, the longer amount time it takes.
300
This organism lived for a long time, and now its fossil is found in both the oldest and the youngest layers.
What is D?
400
Describe the process of speciation. Give 2 examples of speciation that we discussed in class.
A population is divided into different environments and evolves separately into 2 different species.
Ex: Tortoises on Galapagos. Polar Bears. Ducks on Hawaiian Islands.
400
A trait shared by the platypus, kangaroo, and elephant.
What is:
- Mammary glands?
- Hair?
400
These are animals that share a recent common ancestor.
What are:
- Mammal-like reptiles and mammals?
- Non-avian dinosaurs and birds?
- Snakes and lizards?
400
Put the following events in the correct order to show changes over evolutionary time:
1) A single population gets separated into different environments
2) Two very similar descendant populations have small differences in their structures
3) A single population is living in a stable environment
4) Two descendant populations look very different, though they have many similar structures
3, 1, 2, 4
400
At the first stage, these embryos all share this structure.
What are:
- Gill slits?
- Eyes?
- Notochord?
- Tail?