Vocabulary
The study of the structures of organisms and their parts
Anatomy
Living things _____________ in response to changes in their environment.
Evolve
How do we know that birds evolved from dinosaurs?
The presence of feathers
What characteristic sets angel fish apart from the rest of the organisms in the cladogram?
Four legs
Where do you find recent life on a phylogenetic tree?
The top branches
When organisms descended from a single ancestor
Common Ancestry
Give 3 structural similarities between elephants and rats.
Tibia, Fibula, Radius, Ulna, Skull, Vertebrae, Femur, Humorous
What does a likeness between the bone structures of two creatures indicate?
The creatures may share a common ancestor.
Which organisms on this cladogram give live birth?
Kangaroo and Elephant
On this phylogenetic tree, which is more closely related? You and your cousin or you and your sibling.
You and your sibling.
The change in a population over time
Evolution
In the beetle activity, how did you know which beetles were most closely related?
They had the least amount of differences
What are living fossils?
Animals that have not changed over millions of years.
Which organism's DNA will differ most from the elephant's?
The angel fish, they have the least amount of characteristics in common.
On this phylogenetic tree, what is the most recent common ancestor between you and your cousin?
Grandparent
An organism from which other organisms evolved
Ancestor
What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?
Homologous: similar structure, different function
Analogous: different structure, similar function
What 2 things does an evolutionary tree show?
Relationships between living animals and their most recent common ancestors and the time that separates organisms.
Which trait(s) do platypus, kangaroos, and elephants all share?
Four legs, aminote eggs, hair, and mammary glands.
On this phylogenetic tree, what is the most recent common ancestor between your aunt and your parent?
Grandparent (their parent)
The remains of ancient organisms and the rock layers in which they are found
Fossil Record
What does a cladogram show? What does it not show?
It only shows the relationships, not how much different animals have changed from each other.
According to the cladogram, which two species are more closely related: the frog and the crocodile or the crocodile and the platypus?
The platypus and the crocodile. They have two traits in common where the frog and crocodile only have one.
What does a phylogenetic tree show?
Evolutionary relationships between organisms (showing common ancestors)