Agricultural Revolution
Where did this movement originate?
The Fertile Crescent
What was one innovation that connected different parts of the world but also spread new pathogens?
The transcontinental railroad
What is characteristic of the modern, ultra-processed diet?
High-sugar, high-salt, high-fat
True or false: Humans are always learning to adapt better to our environment because evolution precedes human advances.
False
What is the theory that explains how genes that increase fitness early in life are detrimental to fitness later in life?
Antagonistic pleiotropy
What is one positive shift in food processing that occurred during the Agricultural Revolution?
Fermentation
What is one positive medical development that occurred during this period?
The creation of antibiotics
What is one medical advancement that affects the microbiome from birth?
C-section births
What is the theory that explains how the lifestyle of modern children leads to chronic disease development later in life?
True or false: there is some evidence that the APOE-4 allele predicts an increased risk for developing Alzheimer's Disease.
True
What is one negative effect of living in close proximity to domesticated animals?
Exposure to pathogens from fecal matter
What is one negative environmental change of Industrialization that led to the ingestion of pathogenic microbes?
Air pollution
What is one modern issue that fish farms and the meat & milk industry contribute to?
Antibiotic resistance
What is the evolutionary trade-off of hygiene practices?
Improved management of infectious diseases at the expense of developing microbiota diversity.
Which form of Alzheimer's would you predict has stronger selection pressures against (late-onset sporadic, OR early-onset familial)?
Early-onset familial
What was one shift in the organization of human society during this period?
The shift from hunter-gatherer societies to permanent civilizations
What was a major shift in the organization of human society during this period?
The development of cities
What is the major shift in disease burden that is seen in the Globalization era?
The shift from infectious to chronic disease
What is an example of an evolutionary trade-off in the food industry?
Higher-yield crops and livestock at the expense of conferring excess antibiotics to humans
What are three research challenges with studying the common, late-onset form of Alzheimer's Disease?
Retroactive research, limited predictors of who develops the disease, long disease course, conflicting theories of its cause, etc.