Evolutionary Relationships and History
Organisms belonging to the same __________________ can mate and produce fertile offspring.
species
All traits began as a
mutation
In order for natural selection to occur populations must do this.
over-produce
Ability to survive and reproduce
Fitness
What cuts DNA at a particular base sequence and what is it used for?
Restriction enzymes
used in Gel Electrophoresis (making a DNA fingerprint)
Which of the following can influence a change in a species?
a) Geologic Time
b) Identical alleles
c) Number of prey
d) Environment
D, Environment
What is the main way new species form?
A group within a species gets separated and lives in a different environment
Which is NOT a part of the theory of natural selection?
A. Variation within populations
b. Only the strongest survive
c. populations grow exponentially
d. favorable variations
B, only the strongest survive
(think about the crickets)
Evolution that produces similar characteristics in unrelated species is
convergent evolution
Where are the largest fragments in a Gel
Top
Over 90% of the DNA base sequences for hemoglobin in chimpanzees and humans are identical....this suggests?
they share a common ancestor
What factor most affects natural selection
VARIATION
The human arm, the whale fin, and the bat wing are all traits that may have evolved from a common ancestor. They are_________ structures
Homologous
_____________ is a random change in allele frequency. Examples include the Bottle Neck and __________. (must say both to get full points)
Genetic Drift
Founder Effect
What was the purpose of the Human Genome Project?
to provide a complete and accurate sequence of the 3 billion DNA base pairs that make up the human genome and to find all of the human genes in the genome
(it was NOT to cure diseases)
Type of evolution that is the accumulation of differences between closely related populations within a species, leading to speciation. They share a common ancestor, but different environments lead to changes.
Divergent Evolution
Mutations:
a) are always harmful
b) are always helpful
c) can be either harmful or helpful
d) lead to a fish turning into a giant cannibal sea monster that can create tidal waves just by scratching its head
c) can be either harmful or helpful
There is clear evidence from fossils and other sources that the species that are extinct.....
a. evolved from ancestral species that are extinct
b. have reached the ultimate in evolution
c. will eventually evolve into the same species
d. have always been the way they are now.
a. have evolved from ancestral species that are extinct
Organs or body parts that no longer have a function
Vestigial
Give the steps of Genetic Engineering a bacteria to produce insulin.
1. Splice DNA
2. Recombine DNA and Plasmid
3. Put back into Bacteria
4. Heat shock
****You be the judge on if they get full points****
Thomas Malthus’ argument that helped support Darwin’s ideas about evolution was that.................................
Population grows too fast for the environment to support (leading resource depletion)
How is natural selection in the evolution of long necks in giraffes best explained?
Giraffes with longer necks survived because they were better suited to the environment.
The climate of a certain area is cold, and snow is found on the ground most of the year. Equal numbers of two populations of rabbits are introduced into this climate by a group of scientists. One of the populations is brown and the other is white. Over several generations, what rabbit color will be seen more frequently?
there will be more white rabbits than brown rabbits
Isolation between populations due to physical barriers (what type of isolation AND what type of speciation is this?)
Georgraphical Isolation
Allopatric Speciation
Any organism that has has its genome changed
Transgenic Organism