Vocab
The remains or impressions of an organism that lived in the past
Fossil
Selecting mates because of certain traits
Sexual Selection
The main goals of any organism are to ___________________ and _________________
survive and reproduce
During DNA replication, an error introduces the new trait of square ears to a population of mice. Which mechanism is this?
Mutation
Scientists use fossils to show the change in a ________________________________ _______________________________ over time, aka evolution.
gene pool
The change in the gene pool of a population over time
Evolution / Biological Evolution
Process by which individuals with traits that are helpful in their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest
Natural Selection
A mutation that helps a deer camouflage in its environment will _____________ fitness
Increase
Snakes with brighter colors warn off predators. These snakes survive and reproduce more successfully, so their traits increase in the population. Which mechanism is this?
Natural Selection
Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution
Vestigial Structures
Combined genetic information of all the individuals of a particular population
Gene Pool
A random error in DNA replication that leads to change
Mutation
A trait that reduces the amount of chlorophyl in a tree's leaves will ________________ fitness
decrease
Female songbirds are attracted to male songbirds who sing the most complicated and captivating songs. What mechanism of evolution is this?
Sexual Selection
The femurs of humans, dogs, and whales are all similar in structure. What is this an example of?
Homologous Structures
Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits
Artificial Selection
movement of organisms from one population to another
Gene Flow
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment is called...
Fitness
There is a dam in a river. All the snails that live above the dam have green shells, while all the snails that live below the dam have purple shells. One day, three of the snails above fall over the dam and join the population below. This introduces the trait of green shells to the population of snails below the dam. Which mechanism is this?
Gene Flow
What are the three types of evidence for evolution we talked about this unit?
Body parts of an organism that are similar in structure but different in function
Homologous Structures
the change in the gene pool of a population based on random chance
Genetic Drift
What will happen to the allele frequency of a trait if it makes an organism less fit for its environment?
The allele frequency will decrease
As Ms. Hooper leading a parade of ants to her picnic, Mr. Magno walks by and accidentally steps on 30% of the ants. By chance, he stepped on most of the ants with a certain trait, changing the gene pool. What mechanism is this?
Genetic Drift
Body parts that perform similar functions but are different in structure
Analogous Structures