Genetics Vocabulary
Meiosis
Cell Cycle
Using the Punnett Square
Fill in the blank
100
factor passed from parent to offspring
What is a gene?
100

What type of cells are produced at the end of meiosis?  

haploid cells or gametes

100

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S, synthesis

100
A heterozygous tall plant is allowed to self-pollinate. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? What percent are expected to be tall? What percent are expected to be short?
The genotypes of the offspring are TT, Tt, tt. 75% tall 25% short
100
The haploid number is 8, so the diploid number is ___.
What is 16?
200
an inheritable characteristic
What is a trait?
200

How many divisions occur during meiosis?  

two
200

What is the phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense and become visible?

prophase

200
What are the allele combinations of the gametes produced by an individual with a genotype, AaBb?
AB Ab aB ab
200
Gametes are produced by a process called ______.
What is meiosis?
300
the actual genes of an organism such as PP, Pp, or pp
What is a genotype?
300

What is the term for the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis?  

crossing over

300

What is the phase of mitosis where the nuclear envelope reforms around the separated sister chromatids, and the chromosomes begin to decondense?  

telophase

300

In a cross between two heterozygous individuals (Tt), where T represents the dominant allele for tallness and t represents the recessive allele for shortness, what is the expected genotype ratio of their offspring?  

 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt

300
The ________ __________ is used to show the results of a genetic cross, the genotypes of the offsprings and the alleles for each parent.
What is the Punnett square?
400

What term refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, resulting from the interaction between its genotype and the environment?

phenotype

400

What is the condition called when there is a failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I?  

nondisjunction

400

 What is the name of the structure formed during cytokinesis in animal cells, consisting of a ring of actin filaments that contracts to divide the cell into two?  

cleavage furrow

400

In a dihybrid cross involving pea plants with genotypes RrYy (round yellow seeds) crossed with RrYy (round yellow seeds), what is the probability of producing offspring with the genotype RRYY?

1/16 or 6.25%

400
Organisms with different alleles for a particular trait are said to be _________________.
What is heterozygous?
M
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