Chapter 1
A person who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights is referred to
What are the three things/elements needed to establish causation? Explain
1. Correlation
2. Temporal Order
3. Control for other variables
The ultimate goal of _____ is to provide models that permit a better
understanding of criminal behavior that promote the development of polices that attempt to prevent crime.
Criminology
What is the term, given in class, to explain that no one is above the law.
Bill of Attainder
Socialization
The purpose of the __________ is to establish whether sufficient evidence exists against the defendant to continue the justice process
Preliminary Hearing
What are the three methods of reporting data on crime and who reports them?
1. UCR--> FBI
2. NCVS--> BOJ Stats
3. Self reports
Classical School
What offenses are always strict liability?
Traffic Offenses
Murder
The ________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gives every defendant the right to a trial by jury.
Sixth
A man rapes and murders a woman. When the UCR reports, they will publish only the murder. What is the rule called?
The Hierarchy Rule
Give me the name of the individual who devised hedonistic calculus, and explain what the term means.
Jeremy Bentham
Predicted that an individual would choose to avoid criminal conduct as long as the punishment for committing crime outweighed the benefits
What are the 4 defenses to a crime and brief explain
1. Justification
2. Excuse
3. Alibi
4. Procedural defenses
What are the two kinds of laws outlined in todays lecture?
1. Common
2. Statutory
The _________ Court (1953 to 1969) is remembered for its concern with protecting the innocent against the massive power of the state in criminal proceedings.
Warren
What are the 8 part one offenses listed in the UCR?
Murder, Rape, Robbery, Aggravated Assault, Arson, Larceny theft, Property theft, burglary
Give me the name of the "father of modern criminology," and what his theory attempted to explain about why people commit crime
-Lombroso
-Atavism
-A condition characterized by features thought to be common states in evolution. People born with these features tend to be criminals
Explain the M'Nagten Rule
A person is not guilty of a crime if they didn't know what they were doing at the time of the crime , of didn't know what they were doing was wrong.
A man fires at a target, but misses and kills a random bystander. Even though he did not intend to kill the innocent bystander, he can still be convicted for the crime under
Transferred Intent Doctrine
In Gideon v. Wainwright, the Supreme Court ruled that __________.
The state is required to provide counsel to criminal defendants who cannot afford the services of an attorney
Dark Figure of crime-> unreported crimes to police
Helped uncover by the NCVS
______ is often referred to as normlessness
Explain the term
Anomie
Exists when opportunities are not equally distributed throughout society, forcing individuals to adapt through various means with their inability to attain goals of American society
What are the different types of crimes and give me an example of each
1. Felony
2. Misdemeanor
3. Offenses
5. Infractions
4. Espionage
5. Treason
Explain Stare Decisis
Legal principle that requires that courts be bound by their own earlier decisions and by those of higher courts having jurisdiction over them