Chapter 10
Force of attraction between molecules of different chemical identities
Adhesive Force
Measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow
Viscosity
Mixture in which relatively large solid or liquid particles are dispersed uniformly throughout a gas, liquid, or solid
Colloid
Physical process accompanying the dissolution of an ionic compound in which the compound’s constituent ions are solvated and dispersed throughout the solution
Dissociation
Substance that ionizes only partially when dissolved in water
Weak Electrolyte
Force of attraction between identical molecules
Cohesive Force
Energy required to increase the area, or length, of a liquid surface by a given amount
Surface Tension
Solid mixture of a metallic element and one or more additional elements
Alloy
Diffusion of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane
Osmosis
Substance that dissociates or ionizes completely when dissolved in water
Strong Electrolyte
Temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium
Freezing Point
Pressure-temperature graph summarizing conditions under which the phases of a substance can exist
Phase Diagram
Substance that does not produce ions when dissolved in water
Nonelectrolyte
Substance that dissociates or ionizes completely when dissolved in water
Strong Electrolyte
Of greater osmotic pressure
Hypertonic
Temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure of the gas above it
Boiling Point
Attraction between two rapidly fluctuating, temporary dipoles; significant only when particles are very close together
Dispersion Force
Extent to which a solute may be dissolved in water, or any solvent
Solubility
Of concentration less than solubility
Unsaturated
Of less osmotic pressure
Hypotonic
Flow of liquid within a porous material due to the attraction of the liquid molecules to the surface of the material and to other liquid molecules
Capillary Action
Noncovalent attractive force between atoms, molecules, and/or ions
Intermolecular Force
Substance that produces ions when dissolved in water
Electrolyte
Of concentration that exceeds solubility
Supersaturated
Of equal osmotic pressure
Isotonic