Concepts
The study of language
What is linguistics
The rules and principles for constructing sentences e.g. word order, etc.
What is syntax
The study of how the mental grammar of a language organizes sounds in the mind
What is phonology
A language should follow specific rules. Very standardized. Language doesn't change
What is prescriptivism
Culture
What is a complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by a person as a member of society
The study of the relationship between language and culture and how different groups perceive the world
What is Ethnolinguistics
The study of meaning
What is semantics
The study of speech sounds
What is phonetics
Change and variation are natural and necessary parts of language. Language still follows a set of rules, but it is not constant
Body movements and gestures
A group of people who shares the same language
What is a Language Community
A set of patterns for how words are put together to form phrases or clauses, whether spoken or in writing
What is grammar
The smallest phonetic unit in language
What is a phoneme
All species possess 3 different characteristics in their language, Human beings possess 4 additional characteristics in their use of language.
What are Hockett's Design Features
The amount of space deemed appropriate by culture to put between yourself and someone else
What is proxemics
A group that shares the same language and a set of beliefs
What is a Speech Community
Vocabulary
What is a lexicon
The smallest sound with meaning in a language
What is a morpheme
A hypothesis that says language determines a person's perception
Time is malleable and flexible. It's likely people from this kind of culture will have more flexible schedules, interrupting is okay, and people are more important than deadlines
What is a polychronic culture
The values and beliefs of a community that can clash with others
What is Language Ideology
The characteristics of speech beyond the spoken word
What is paralanguage
Words that differ in only one phoneme
What are minimal pairs
A person's language influences how they perceive things
What is linguistic relativity
People in these cultures believe time is linear. One thing is done at a time and it's important to be on time and not interrupt people
What is a monochronic culture