Development
Provide an example of over extension
Lane is every dogs name
This type of cognitive play occurs when a child takes on a role and pretends to be someone else using real or imagined objects
Dramatic play
____ is when a child is exposed to factors that interferes with a child’s ability to interact with the environment in a normal manner and provide an example.
At-risk
SES
Identify the five domains of language
Morphology
Phonology
Syntax
Pragmatics
Semantics
Describe a delay in form
Errors in speech production and poor phonological awareness
The ability too manipulate sounds of the language particularly in the preschool years
Errors in marking grammatical tense
Errors in case assignment (pronoun usage)
Identify Piaget's four stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operations
Abstract thinking
Provide team examples of milestones that occur during 0 to 6 months of age.
recognize voices and sounds
respond to voices and sounds
localize sounds
smile
coo
cries vary in pitch
produce phonemes during babbling
Describe the differences between at-risk and established risk and identify why it matters.
Established: Have known (expected) patterns of developmental delay
At-risk: Exposed to factors that interferes with a child’s ability to interact with the environment in a normal manner
Service delivery
Describe the difference in delay, disorder, difference
difference: dialect
Delay: delay in acquisition of language skills compared to one’s chronological and cognitive/intellectual age-peers
Disorder:Subset of children who continue to demonstrate persistent difficulties acquiring and using language skills below chronological age expectations (by preschool or school age) that cannot be explained by other factors
Describe a delay in content and use.
content:
Delayed acquisition of first words and phrases
Restricted vocabulary and/or problems finding the right word for known objects
Use:
Difficulties understanding complex language and long stretches of discourse
Difficulties telling a coherent narrative
Difficulties understanding abstract and ambiguous language
Identify which stage of cognitive development the following characteristics belong to:
1. Can think about something without the object being present by use of language.
2. Capable of concrete problem-solving
3. Knowledge of the world is based on physical interactions / experiences
4. Thinking becomes less tied to concrete reality
1. preoperational
2. concrete
3. sensorimotor
4. abstract
Identify and describe the four types of social play
Solitary play: Child plays alone with toys different from those used by other children
parallel play: Child plays independently but among other children
group play- associative: Child plays with other children but not in an identical manner
cooperative play- Child plays in an organized group Sense of belonging and an organization in which efforts of one child are supplemented by other children
Describe the difference between heritability and spontaneous mutation.
Heritability: transmitted from one generation to the next
Spontaneous mutation: a change in genetic make-up which occurs as a first event; a genetic accident
Identify which domains fit under form, content and use and define each domain.
Form:
Morphology- study of the rules that govern how morphemes, the minimal meaningful units of language
PhonologY- study of the speech sound (i.e., phoneme) system of a language, including the rules for combining and using phonemes
Syntax: system governing the order and combination of words to form sentences, and the relationships among the elements within a sentence
Content:
Semantics: meaning of words and combinations of words in a language
Use:
Pragmatics:rules associated with the use of language in conversation and broader social situations
Discuss the reasonings behind DLD and provide examples.
Biological factors
Environmental factors
cognitive factors
behavioral factors
Describe the stages of language development from birth to 12 months.
2 months: sounds for play
2 to 3 months: cooing
6 to 9 months: babbling
9 to 18 months: jargon
12 months: words
Around what age do the following occur:
1. first word
2. puts two words together
3. Smiles
4. requests objects by naming
5. responds to their name
1. 12 months
2. 19 to 24 months
3. 0 to 6 months
4. 2 to 3 years
5. 7 to 12 months
Describe how low birth weight make a child at risk for language delay.
risk for medical issues
susceptibility to diseases and conditions which result in developmental issues
sensory issues
parental seperation
motor delay
Define DLD and discuss the prevalence.
A child’s language skills are persistently below the level expected for the child’s age: impairment in the acquisition and use of language across modalities due to deficits in comprehension and/or production across any of the five language domains (i.e., phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics)
DLD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders (McGregor, 2020)
Identify the four models and describe each one.
Linear: medical model
Obligates a determination of cause
Transactional: Sameroff’s (2009) transactional model describes the influence of language and communication on children’s behavior in their interactions
Ecological:
Bronfenbrenner’s (1994) ecological model describes human development as a set of interrelated systems through four interacting principles
(1) microsystems, which describes interpersonal interactions and immediate surroundings
(2) mesosystems, which focuses on direct interactions between two individuals that are a part of the microsystem
(3) exosystems, which indirectly affects the individual
(4) macrosystems, which encompasses societal and cultural beliefs.
Interactional : Views causation as an interaction between within-child factors and factors external to child
Describe the difference between reduplicated babbling, variegated babbling, and jargon and provide an example of each
Reduplicated: strings of identical syllables (bEbEbE)
Variegated: syllable strings with varying consonants and vowels (bEgidEbu)
Jargon: strings of sounds and syllables uttered with variety of stress and intonational patterns (alien talk)
Provide one key characteristic that happens at the following age ranges:
0 to 6 months
7 to 12 months
13 to 18 months
19 to 24 months
2 and 3 years
See milestones powerpoint
Describe how these two scenarios would differ in regard to services.
1. Child with ASD
2. Child from a low SES community
1. ASD- established risk
2. At-risk
Describe expressive language and receptive language deficits.
Slide 21
slide 22
What is Bode's full name?
Boden James Richard Wallace