Genetics
What are somatic cells?
Body cells such as skin, bones, and blood
What are the genotype frequencies if there are 8 homozygous black dogs (AA), 4 heterozygous black dogs (Aa), and 3 homozygous white dogs (aa) within a population?
‘AA’ = 0.53, ‘Aa’ = 0.27, and ‘aa’ = 0.20
What are hybrid zones?
Regions where genetically distinct populations meet, mate, and produce at least some hybrid offspring.
The earliest evidence of life comes from the fossils of which organism?
Stromatolites
Explain the difference between crossing over and genetic recombination.
Crossing over is the process of exchanging segments of chromosomes between homologous chromosomes.
Genetic recombination is the process of recombining genes to produce new gene combinations that differ from those of either parent.
What are the allele frequencies if there are 5 homozygous brown rabbits (AA), 8 heterozygous brown rabbits (Aa), and 2 homozygous white rabbits (aa)?
‘A’ = 0.6 and ‘a’ = 0.4
One plant species blooms in June-July and a second plant species blooms in August-September is an example of what reproductive isolation?
Temporal isolation
Who disproved the theory that nonliving matter could spontaneously form living organisms?
Louis Pasteur
Chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle forms during which phase?
Prophase
A type of natural selection when extreme traits are selected for over the moderate trait.
Disruptive selection
Name and describe the types of speciation.
Allopatric speciation- when the parent species becomes separated into two or more populations.
Sympatric speciation- new species arise from within the geographic range of the original species.
What are the RNA molecules that act as catalysts for the formation of RNA chains and RAN replication?
Ribozymes
True or false: Meiosis II separates sister chromatids.
True, Meiosis II is similar to Mitosis. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes.
Brown owls in a population have more offspring over a multi-year period than gray owls because the brown owls are better camouflaged. This is an example of what?
Natural selection
Which species concept classifies organisms based on physical traits?
Morphological species concept
The mass extinction of almost all dinosaurs.
Cretaceous extinction
List the phases of the cell cycle in order.
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase/Cytokinesis.
Describe the Hardy-Weinberg Principle.
If there are no factors that affect an allele frequency those frequencies will remain constant from one generation to the next and the gene pool of a population does not change.
Long periods of little apparent morphological change interrupted by relatively brief periods of sudden change are known as what?
Punctuated equilibrium
A _________ group includes all descendants of a common ancestor.
Monophyletic