Basic Chemical Structures
What is an atom and what does it consist of?
A fundamental unit of matter
Consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons
What does a chemical bond do?
Holds atoms together within a relatively stable structure.
Synthesis, decomposition, and exchange.
What is the most abundant inorganic compound in the body?
Water.
What is the pH scale?
Logarithmic inverse scale from 0-14 based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
What are elements?
A unique substance that cannot be created nor broken down into a simpler form.
What are the types of chemical bonds?
Covalent, Ionic and Hydrogen Bonds.
What happens in a synthesis reaction?
Small molecules combine to form larger ones.
What do acids dissociate into?
Hydrogen ions and anions.
One number change in pH represents a what change in hydrogen ion concentration?
A tenfold.
Number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
What is an ionic bond?
A form of a chemical bond where an atom loses valance electrons and gains them from another.
What happens in a decomposition reaction?
Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones.
What do bases dissociate into?
Hydroxide ions and cations.
What is the neutral pH number?
What is an isotope?
Atoms of an element that differ by number of neutrons.
What is a covalent bond?
Electrons are shared to fill valance shell of each atom.
What happens in an exchange reaction?
Molecules are rearranged.
What do salts dissociate into?
Cations and anions other than H+ and OH-
What is the acidic pH range?
pH is below 7.
What is an ion?
An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of an electron.
A weak bond that forms between partial positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and partial negative molecule of another.
Enzymes.
What is a hydrophobic substance?
A substance that does not dissolve in water.
What is the basic pH range?
pH is above 7.