Chapter
1/2
1/2
Name 2 characteristic that all living things share
T or F: Lipids are hydrophilic
False
What are the two polymers of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
Give an example of potential energy and kinetic energy.
Answers varied
Potential energy—energy stored as chemical bonds, concentration gradient, or charge imbalance
Kinetic energy—the energy of movement
What is the difference between Polar and Nonpolar bonds?
Nonpolar bond: Electrons are shared equally (atoms have similar electronegativity).
Polar bond: One atom has greater electronegativity, so electrons are drawn more to that nucleus.
T or F: Cells are the smallest unit of life
Which Functional group is this:
-COH
nucleotides: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base + phosphate group.
Nucleoside: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base.
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?
Catabolism- Break down of large molecules into smaller ones and releases energy
Anabolism- Build smaller molecules into large ones and requires energy
What do enzymes do?
Lower Ea of reactions and facilitate chemical rxns
Describe what a control is in an experiment
A group in the experiment in which a variable is not being tested, such as a test subject that does not receive any treatment.
What is the difference between a condensation reaction and a hydrolysis reaction?
Condensation rxn- monomer to polymer, water is removed
Hydrolysis rxn- polymer to monomers, water is consumed
Which base pairs are Purines and which are pyrimidines? Both DNA and RNA
Pyrimidines: Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), Uracil (U)
Purines: Adenine (A) & Guanine (G)
What does entropy measure?
the disorder in a system/ the amount of energy it takes to impose order on a system
If a protein is denatured it will retain only its...
Primary structure (amino acid sequence and peptide bonds)
Which of the following elements would be polar when paired with Hydrogen? Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Oxygen
Describe the structural difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid.
Triglyceride- three fatty acids plus glycerol.
Phospholipid- 2 Fatty acids bound to glycerol a phosphate group replaces where the third fatty acid would be
What are some differences between DNA and RNA?
RNA: Sugar: ribose, RNA: Single-stranded, RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), Different secondary structures - complementary base pairing can take place within RNA or between RNA and DNA.
DNA: Sugar: deoxyribose, DNA, Two strands form a double helix, All DNA molecules have the same structure, Genetic information is carried in the sequence of base pairs.
What does it mean when ΔG is:
less than 0 (-)
greater than 0 (+)
equal to 0
If ΔG is –, free energy is released, spontaneously, Exergonic
If ΔG is +, free energy is required, not spontaneous, Endergonic
If ΔG=0, the reaction is at equilibrium
What amino acid group does Threonine belong in?
Polar uncharged
What are the steps of the scientific method?
2. Speculate, ask a question
3. Form a Hypothesis to answer the question
4. Make a prediction
5. Design and conduct an experiment that uses quantitative data to test your production
Proteins- Peptide
Nucleic acids- Phosphodiester
Which has a fused double ring structure?
Cytosine (C), Adenine (A), or Uracil (U)
Adenine (A) (Purines)
What happens during irreversible inhibition?
Inhibitor covalently bonds to side chains in the active site and permanently inactivates the enzyme.
Difference between:
-cellulose and chitin
-starch and glycogen