Macronutrients vs Micronutrients
There are six classes of essential nutrients that the body needs to function properly.
What are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water?
The enzymatic digestion of proteins begins in this organ.
What is the stomach?
This individual cannot produce insulin.
What is type 1 diabetes?
What metabolic process can occur as a result of ingesting carbohydrates in excess of energy needs and storage capacity?
What is fatty acid synthesis?
Carbohydrates and lipids are made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, while protein contains those same elements plus an additional element.
What is nitrogen?
The following are functions of what macronutrient: storing energy, insulating and protecting organs, aiding absorption and increasing bioavailability, and regulating and signaling?
What are lipids?
This body organ stores bile and releases it into the lumen of the GI tract when needed
What is the Gallbladder?
This nutrient increases satiety, promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, adds bulk to stool, regulates bowel movements, and helps reduce cholesterol.
What is dietary fiber?
This lipoprotein scavenges excess cholesterol from the tissues.
What is HDL?
These types of amino acids are produced by the body and are not required to be obtained from the diet.
What are nonessential amino acids?
These macronutrients provide a primary source of energy for the body's cells and are necessary for proper brain function.
What are carbohydrates
The stomach contains these chemicals that are essential for digesting protein.
What are hydrochloric acid and pepsin?
Maltose, lactose, and sucrose belong to a specific category of carbohydrates
What are disaccharides?
This is the defining characteristic of lipids, distinguishing them from other macronutrients
What is their insolubility in water?
These types of foods provide all of the essential amino acids that the body cannot produce on its own.
What are complete protein sources?
The energy-yielding nutrients.
What are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
This organ synthesizes and secretes digestive juices and enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine.
What is the pancreas?
Diets high in this nutrient reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
What is dietary fiber?
This process increases the surface area of dietary lipids in the small intestine, making it easier for the body to absorb them.
What is emulsification?
This condition is characterized by a deficiency in both protein and energy.
What is marasmus?
The removal of this from the diet leads to a decline in health, but restoring it before permanent damage can reverse the decline.
What is an essential nutrient?
After consuming a mixed meal, these components, including amino acids, mixed micelles, and monosaccharides, are absorbed into this intestinal cell type.
What are enterocytes?
Blood glucose levels are regulated by these hormones.
What are insulin and glucagon?
Fatty acids can be classified based on their necessity for the body.
What are essential and nonessential fatty acids?
Amino acids differ from each other based on this specific structural component.
What is the side chain?