Ch.1: Applying Research
to Everyday Exercise and Sport
to Everyday Exercise and Sport
What is applied research for?
To solve practical problems in real
world and to improve human condition
What is Bioenergetics?
The chemical process of converting food into energy. Also referred to as Metabolism.
What is the Krebs Cycle (aka citric acid cycle)?
• Function: oxidize substrates
• Also produces some ATP
• Derivatives of protein, fat, and carbohydrates
enter
• Hydrogens removed are transported by
hydrogen carriers to the electron transport
chain
Fatty acids and glycerol can both be....
metabolized
What is Laboratory research?
• Specific, controlled lab
environments
• Potentially greater control
of conditions
What are the three forms of Carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides: maltose, sucrose
Polysaccharides: starch, cellulose, glycogen
What is Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
• Hydrogen carriers NAD+ and flavin adenine
dinucleotide (FAD) transport hydrogens and
electrons to ETC
• Function: Produces majority of ATP during
aerobic metabolism, called oxidative
phosphorylation
• By forming water from hydrogens, oxygen
(from air) acts as the final hydrogen and
electron acceptor at end of ETC
Gluconeogenic is...
amino acids that can be transformed to glucose
What is field research?
• Classrooms, gymnasiums, athletic fields, space shuttle, marathon course, under water
• Not necessarily inferior to lab
• Whatever venue is needed to address question is
appropriate
What is Glycogen?
storage form of glucose in animals (not plants);typically stored in muscle and liver.
Acetyl-CoA from catabolism of pyruvate enters the...
Krebs Cycle
Transamination is...
a amino group transferred to keto acid
What is Quantitative Research?
Numerical data to explain, predict, show
control of phenomenon. Includes descriptive, correlational, cause-effect, and experimental.
What are Triglycerides?
• Form of fatty acids stored in fat cells
• Glycerol molecule plus 3 fatty acids
Oxidation and reduction are
always....
coupled reactions
Deamination is...
amino group creates ammonia (NH3)
What is Qualitative Research?
• Narrative-type data; often used in social
sciences
• Includes ethnographic research (current
events), historical research, and case studies
What are Fatty acids?
• Even # of 4 to 24 carbon atoms bound in chain
• Saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated
Pairs of electrons are passed from one cytochrome to the next, releasing energy at...
3 points to ultimately phosphorylate ADP and produce ATP.
What is Basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
metabolic rate in supine position, 12-18 hrs after meal, immediately after waking up in thermoneutral environment
• Accounts for 60-75% total
calories per day