Chapter 1
This transatlantic transfer of plants, animals, and diseases beginning in the late 15th century reshaped both the Old and New Worlds and led to a surge of population because of staple crops.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This 1494 agreement divided the non-European world between Spain and Portugal.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
This forced transatlantic journey brought millions of Africans to the Americas under horrific conditions.
What is the Middle Passage?
This 1739 South Carolina slave uprising was the largest in the mainland colonies before the American Revolution.
What was the Stono Rebellion?
This 1770 event in Boston, sparked by tensions between colonists and British soldiers, left five colonists dead and was used as Patriot propaganda.
What was the Boston Massacre?
Corn, beans, and squash were often planted together by Indigenous peoples and were known by this agricultural nickname.
What are the Three Sisters?
English investors funded risky colonial ventures like Jamestown by pooling money in these financial organizations.
What are joint-stock companies?
This 1676 rebellion in Virginia, led by frontier settlers against both Native Americans and colonial elites, revealed tensions in early colonial society.
What was Bacon’s Rebellion?
These British trade laws, first passed in the mid-17th century, sought to regulate colonial commerce for the benefit of the empire.
What were the Navigation Acts?
This 1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine argued for independence and attacked monarchy as illegitimate.
What is Common Sense?
Many Native societies traced family lineage and inheritance through the mother’s line, a system called this.
What is matrilineal?
Defeat of this powerful Spanish naval fleet in 1588 opened the door for England to expand its empire in North America.
What was the Spanish Armada?
This Pueblo religious leader organized a major 1680 uprising against Spanish rule in New Mexico.
Who was Popé?
This revivalist preacher electrified audiences across the colonies during the Great Awakening with his dramatic sermons.
Who was George Whitefield?
This 1777 American victory convinced France to formally ally with the colonists against Britain.
What was the Battle of Saratoga?
Before African slavery became dominant in the Americas, European colonizers attempted to exploit this group for forced labor.
Who were Native Americans? (or What is Native American slavery?)
This crop, introduced by John Rolfe, saved the Virginia colony by becoming its first profitable export.
What is tobacco?
This 17th-century conflict between English colonists and the Wampanoag, led by Metacom, devastated New England.
What was King Philip’s War? (Metacom’s War)
This Native American prophet urged a return to traditional ways and resistance to British encroachment in the 1760s.
Who was Neolin?
These harsh 1774 laws, passed after the Boston Tea Party, were meant to punish Massachusetts and reassert British authority.
What were the Coercive Acts? (or Intolerable Acts)
This Spanish priest criticized the brutality of the encomienda system and advocated for better treatment of Indigenous peoples.
Who was Bartolomé de Las Casas?
This French explorer, known as the “Father of New France,” founded Quebec in 1608.
Who was Samuel de Champlain?
This 1643 conflict between New England settlers and a coastal Native tribe ended in the near-destruction of the tribe.
What was the Pequot War?
Issued after Pontiac’s War, this 1763 decree forbade colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
This 1781 battle, where British General Cornwallis surrendered to Washington’s forces, effectively ended the Revolutionary War.
What was the Battle of Yorktown?