Neolithic Revolution
What major shift occurred during the Neolithic Revolution?
The major shift was from food gathering (hunting and gathering) to food producing (farming/agriculture).
Name the four rivers that were critical for river valley civilizations.
Tigris/Euphrates, Nile, Indus, and Huang He (Yellow River).
Why is Egypt referred to as the "Gift of the Nile"?
What was a key feature of city planning in the Indus Valley?
The well-planned streets and advanced drainage systems (plumbing).
Who enacted Hammurabi's Code?
Hammurabi's Code was enacted by King Hammurabi of Babylon.
Name one effect of the Neolithic Revolution on human settlements.
One effect was the establishment of permanent settled communities and the first cities.
What advancements were made in mathematics during this time?
Geometry and counting systems.
What significant calendar was created by the Egyptians?
A solar calendar.
What kind of climate phenomenon significantly affected the Indus Valley?
Monsoons were the climate phenomenon that significantly affected the Indus Valley.
What was the purpose of Hammurabi's Code?
The purpose of Hammurabi's Code was to establish laws and justice in society.
How did writing develop during this period?
Writing developed as a method of record keeping related to farming and the flood of rivers.
Describe the importance of surplus agricultural output in river valley civilizations.
Surplus agricultural output allowed specialization of labor, allowing people to pick their job (pottery making, basket weaving, farming, metallurgy, etc).
What writing system did the Egyptians develop?
Hieroglyphics.
Describe the Harappan Culture and what it was based on.
The Harappan Culture was based on agriculture and trade.
How did Hammurabi's Code make laws more objective?
Hammurabis's Code made laws more objective by codifying them, making them consistent and predictable
Why was the establishment of governments necessary during the Neolithic Revolution?
Governments were needed to oversee irrigation systems and organize community projects - since the population was growing, someone had to control the people.
What role did irrigation systems play in these early civilizations?
Irrigation systems were crucial for managing water supply for agriculture, allowing for more stable food production.
Describe the governance system in ancient Egypt regarding pharaohs.
The governance system was a theocracy, where pharaohs were considered "god-kings."
How did monsoons impact agriculture in the Indus Valley?
What was the time period during which Hammurabi reigned?
Hammurabi reigned from around 1972 to 1750 B.C.
Explain how the Neolithic Revolution led to social divisions based on land ownership.
The Neolithic Revolution led to social divisions as land ownership began to determine wealth.
How did the domestication of animals contribute to the growth of large settlements?
The domestication of animals provided labor and food sources, contributing to larger and more sophisticated settlements.
How did the Egyptians first use geometry?
Egyptians first used geometry for land surveying and construction.
What were the key advancements in sewage systems in the Indus Valley?
The Indus Valley had advanced sewage systems that included indoor plumbing.
Describe how Hammurabi's Code was derived from Babylonian customs.
Hammurabi's Code was derived from Babylonian customs and practices.