Pharm Basics
What does “half-life” mean?
Time for 50% of the drug to be eliminated.
Which antibiotic can cause tooth discoloration and bone effects in children?
Tetracycline.
Which antiviral must be started within 48 hours of flu symptoms?
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu).
What is the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen?
4 g (less with liver disease).
What’s the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active = body makes antibodies (vaccines); Passive = antibodies given (maternal, serum).
List the 4 parts of drug dynamic equilibrium (ADME).
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
Which antibiotic requires slow infusion to prevent Red Man Syndrome?
Vancomycin.
Which antiviral slows herpes outbreaks but does not cure?
Acyclovir.
What’s a key difference between acetaminophen and NSAIDs?
Acetaminophen is NOT anti-inflammatory.
How long does it take after vaccination to build antibodies?
About 14 days.
What organ is most responsible for metabolism?
The liver.
Which antibiotic is linked to tendon rupture and photosensitivity?
Ciprofloxacin.
Do antivirals kill viruses directly or just slow replication?
They slow replication.
Which drug should never be given to children with viral infections, and why?
Aspirin → risk of Reye’s syndrome.
What’s a key nursing consideration for the HPV vaccine?
Risk of fainting, observe 15–30 min after injection.
What are the 8 rights of medication administration?
Right patient, drug, dose, route, time, documentation, reason, response.
Which antibiotic is most associated with ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
Gentamycin (aminoglycoside).
When is prophylactic antiviral treatment given?
Before surgery, immunocompromised patients, labor with GBS, certain dental cases.
What’s the main adverse effect of long-term NSAID use?
GI ulcers/bleeding, renal toxicity, ↑ CV risk.
Why are live vaccines avoided in immunocompromised patients?
Because they can cause infection in weakened immune systems.
What’s the difference between a brand vs generic drug?
Same active ingredient, but generics may look different, cost less, have different inactive ingredients.
What type of coverage do penicillins primarily have?
Gram-positive.
What’s the major nursing teaching for antivirals?
Take exactly as prescribed, complete course, may reduce but not eliminate symptoms.
What sign indicates aspirin toxicity?
Tinnitus (ringing in ears).
What’s the purpose of antitoxins/antivenins?
Immediate passive immunity after toxin or venom exposure.