Phobias
Mowrer's Two-Factor Theory
Classical and Operant Conditioning
A panic attack has to be recurrent and _____ in order to be considered for Panic Disorder?
unexpected
What is depersonalization?
feeling disconnected from your own body
The most common type of obsession
unacceptable thoughts of aggression, sexuality, or immorality
What is the first line treatment for Anxiety Disorders?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
If a person has a phobia of heights or storms, the Specific Phobia specifier would be?
Natural Environment
What are examples of physiological responses related to a panic attack?
heart rate increase/heart palpitations/sweating/trembling/shaking/shortness of breath
What is the Avoidance Cluster of symptoms for PTSD?
Avoiding internal (e.g. thoughts) or external (e.g. places) reminders of trauma
What are obsessions?
recurrent, unwanted intrusive thoughts, urges, or images that cause distress
What is the most effective treatment for GAD?
CBT and SSRIs/SNRIs
The "BII" specifier for specific phobia
Blood-Injection-Injury
What is ethnopsychology/ehtnophysiology?
beliefs about the human body that can affect the ways in which different cultural groups experience and interpret bodily symptoms
What is the Dose Response Effect?
you are more likely to experience PTSD when there is greater duration, severity, and proximity of exposure
Compulsions can be explained by operant conditioning, in which the compulsions are used because they are ___ reinforcing
negatively
What is the most common type of CBT treatment for OCD?
Exposure and Response Prevention Treatment
When there is more "competition" (neutral/positive events), you may be able to get past fear and stop avoiding feared situations
Retrieval Competition Hypothesis
What is Contrast Avoidance Theory?
By worrying, a person stays in a constant level of anxiety and avoids sharp increases in anxiety
When the ___ is smaller (which is common in those with PTSD), this may relate to memory issues
hippocampus
An ___ brain circuit is involved in acting on urges in OCD
overactive
True or false: CBT reduces negative reinforcement and avoidance
True
Biological risk factor for Phobias where the amygdala is OVERresponsive to a threat
overactive limbic system
Interoceptive Avoidance
the avoidance of situations that trigger or are perceived to trigger physical sensations associated with panic attacks
What is the biological "freeze" response?
when fight or flight are impossible the body protects itself by dissociating
What can lead to sudden onset of OCD, and may be due to its effects on the basal ganglia?
strep infection in children
This type of medication increases GABA activity and the calming response, it produces temporary relief but symptoms often remain
benzodiazepines