Reading Essentials
This is the ability to decode printed symbols and make meaning from them.
What is reading?
These are the two forms of language.
What are expressive and receptive language?
Children recognizing logos such as McDonald's or Walmart before they can read demonstrates this concept.
What is environmental print?
This reading skill refers to instantly identifying words and their meanings.
What is word recognition?
A teacher points to words while reading aloud to students. This instructional practice is called:
What is print referencing?
According to research, this person has the greatest impact on student reading achievement once students enter school.
Who is the classroom teacher?
This component of language refers to sounds in speech.
What is phonology?
The three foundational reading skills discussed in Chapter 3.
What are concepts about print, phonemic awareness, and letter-name knowledge?
This understanding that letters represent sounds serves as the bridge between phonemic awareness and phonics.
What is the alphabetic principle?
A student says /c/ /a/ /t/ and blends the sounds together to say cat. This skill is:
What is phonemic awareness?
The ultimate goal of reading instruction.
What is comprehension?
Intonation, stress, and juncture are three elements of this.
What is prosody?
Tracking words from left to right while reading demonstrates this skill.
What are concepts about print?
Phonics instruction should begin with teaching these relationships.
What are letter-sound relationships?
A teacher groups students based on instructional needs rather than assigning permanent ability groups. This is:
What is flexible grouping?
This instructional approach focuses on meeting the specific learning needs of individual students.
What is differentiated instruction?
This theory suggests language develops through rewards, reinforcement, and conditioning.
What is the behaviorist theory?
The ability to hear and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words.
What is phonemic awareness?
This strategy focuses on prefixes, suffixes, and root words.
What is structural analysis?
A teacher provides small-group intervention to students who need additional support beyond core instruction. This is:
What is Tier 2 instruction?
This system provides Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 levels of support for students.
What is Response to Intervention (RTI)?
This theory emphasizes learning through interaction with a more knowledgeable person and includes the Zone of Proximal Development.
What is the social interactionist theory?
According to the Annie E. Casey Foundation, students should be reading proficiently by the end of this grade.
What is third grade?
What is the base word in the word unbelievable?
What is believe?
A teacher asks students to identify the root word in unbelievable. This activity focuses on:
What is structural analysis?