The Human Body
What is the plasma membrane made up of?
Phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails)
What is mitosis?
Process of cell division; chromosome number constant.
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of which type of transport?
Active transport
How do lipids interact with water?
They are hydrophobic and therefore insoluble.
What are microscopic sacs that act as the cell's own digestive system and contain hydrolytic enzymes to breakdown particles that enter them?
Lysosomes
What are haploid cells?
Gametes contain a single set of 23 chromosomes
Peptide bonds form between an amine groups and _________
Carboxyl Acid
What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weight; differ in number of neutrons.
What is composed of two membranes; inner membrane highly folded into cristae?
Mitochondria (the powerhouse)
What happens during cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm divides by cleavage furrow
How many penguins can a polar bear eat in a single sitting?
86
What is the chief polysaccharide in humans?
Glycogen
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Synthesizes large carbohydrate molecules, combines them with proteins, and secretes product.
What are the phases of interphase?
G1- first growth phase
S - DNA replication occurs
G2 - second groth phase; preparation made for cell division
A beta-pleated sheet is an example of which protein structure?
Secondary
What makes up the left hypochondriac region?
The body and fundus of the stomach, the spleen, the upper 2/3 of the left kidney, and the tail of the pancreas.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is a double stranded helix, deoxyribose sugar, bases T,A, C,G and bases paired in complementary fashion. RNA is single stranded, ribose sugar, bases U,A,C,G,
Describe the process of transcription and translation.
Transcription: Genetic information of DNA is copied into a strand of mRNA. One DNA strand serves as template (unzip and unwind).
Translation: Information of mRNA specifies amino acid sequence of protein --> mRNA travels to ribosome --> tRNAs combine with specific amino acid (contain anticodon)
Describe the process of Meiosis
Meiosis I begins with a diploid cell and ends with two cells having the haploid number of chromosomes; in Meiosis II, each of the two haploid cells divides, the net result is four haploid gametes that are genetically different from the original diploid starting cell
Transcription occurs in the ____________.
Cytoplasm