Themes of Life
What could all of the students at CSN represent?
Population
What does the atomic number of an element represent?
The number of protons
What is the strongest chemical bond?
Covalent bond
What does hydrophilic mean?
"Water loving"; affinity for water
What is an experiment and what are they used for?
A scientific test under controlled conditions to test hypotheses.
What is the molecule for genetic material?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
What is an element?
A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions.
What are the components of an ionic compound and what are they?
Ion - Charged Molecule/Atom
Cation - Positively Charged Ion
Anion - Negatively Charged Ion
What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
Cohesion is water molecules clinging to other water molecules, Adhesion is the clinging of one substance to another
What is a mole (mol)?
A measurement of 6.02 * 1023 molecules. (i.e. Half a mole [0.5 mol] would be 3.01 * 1023 molecules)
This type of cell makes up single-celled organisms, such as bacteria and archaea.
Prokaryotic Cell
Where are each of the subatomic particles of an atom found?
Protons & Neutrons - Nucleus
Electrons - Electron Shells (Valence Shell is the outermost shell)
What chemical bonds are present in a glass of water?
Covalent bonds within water, Hydrogen bonds between water
What is a solution and what are its components?
A homogeneous liquid mixture of substances, composed of the solvent (dissolving agent) and solute (substance being dissolved).
What does pH measure and what does it determine?
It measures the negative logarithm (base 10) of H+ concentration; it determines a solution's acidity.
What distinguishes communities from ecosystems?
Communities are all of the species in an area, Ecosystems include the living and nonliving components of the area too.
What is a radioactive isotope?
An isotope of an element that has a decaying nucleus which gives off particles and energy.
What is electronegativity and how does it influence chemical bonds?
The attraction of a particular atom for electrons. Differences in electronegativity between atoms can cause the bonded molecule to be polar/nonpolar.
What is a buffer?
A substance that minimizes change in H+/OH- concentration; substance that resists change in pH/pOH.
List all of the levels of organization from Organ to the Smallest level.
Organ (Organ System), Tissue, Cell, Organelle, Molecule (Atom)
What is evolution?
The process of biological change in which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time.
What is the relationship between potential energy and electron shells?
As the number of electron shells increase, the amount of potential energy increases.
What is chemical equilibrium?
The point where the forward and reverse reactions offset one another exactly; the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.
Why is water good for evaporative cooling?
The presence of hydrogen bonds means more energy (heat) must be absorbed to break them before liquid water transfers to water vapor.
Why does water become less dense when it freezes?
The hydrogen bonds force the water molecules into a specific, ordered arrangement and keep individual molecules far apart; crystal lattice formed by hydrogen bonds.