Module 1
What are the four primary goals when designing and conducting psych resarch
describe
predict
explain
and modify
What are the types scales of mesurment discussed in this module
nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio
___ measurements produce consistent outcomes across repeated measurements conducted under similar conditions
reliable
The three basic ethical principles that are outlined in the Belmont Report
justice
the values on an ___ scale are organized along a continuum with scale values reflecting differences in the quantity of a specific characteristic, behavior, or mental process being measured
ordinal
to enhance objectivity and reliability, psychologists need to clearly define the behaviors and mental process to be deserved through
operational definitions
____ have equal units of measurement
Interval scales
The six methods discussed to evaluate reliability
test-retest
parallel-forms reliability
split-halves reliability
inter-rater reliability
inter-method reliabilty
internal consistency
When participants acknowledge they have received sufficient information about the research, fully comprehend the information, and indicate that they are willing to take part in the research, they have given ___
informed consent
The use of confederates, placebos, and providing participants with false feedback are examples of ___
active deception or by commission
for psychologists to acquire the evidence necessary to make a cause and effect statement they must conduct ___, ___, and ___ experimental research
controlled
systematic
rigorous
Unlike interval scales, ___ scales contain a true (or absolute) zero point.
ratio
____would be evidence of consistency in the measurement overtime when using test-retest reliability
a high positive correlation coefficient
The two forms of deception are known as
active or deception by commission
passive or deception by omission
The Kelvin temperature scale is an example of a ____ scale of measurement.
ratio
If the results of research can be replicated and alternative explanations can be eliminated, psychologists are now in a position to make
a cause and effect statement
the order of the values on a ___ scale is irrelevant
nominal (there is no rank order)
___ is a statistic used to measure the relationship between the classifications of observers in inter-rater reliability
Cohen's Kappa
What are the five types of "risk" psychologists attempt to minimize
physical
psychological
social
legal
financial risk
The belmont report was created partially in response to
the unethical medical research studies conducted on prisoners at German concentration campus by the Nazis in WWII and
research in the US involving radiation exposure and the observation of an untreated illness in vulnerable populations
Once the causes of behavior and mental processes have been identified, psychologists can use that knowledge to attempt to
modify behavior
a cause and effect statement
appropriate for use with the target participants (e.g. children, adults, animals) in their research,
appropriate for use by members of the research team (e.g. observers, raters, test administrators, statisticians) given their levels of training/experience
accepted by the scientific community as appropriate measures of the behaviors or mental processes under study4 (e.g. the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)7 is an accepted measure of the severity of depression in Clinical Psychology), and most importantly
capable of providing sufficient information to allow researchers to answer their research questions and to make informed decisions regarding the implications/applications of the results of their research.
a cohen's kappa value of .23 would be considered ___
fair agreement
What is one way that psychologists ensure that individuals from all segments of society share in the benefits derived from the results of psychological research
the end products of psych research must be made available to all members of a society and not just to its more privileged members
The methods used to determine measurement validity are
face validity
content validity
criterion-related validity
construct validity