Dalton's Atomic Theory
The smallest unit of an element that can exist either alone or in combination with other such particles of the same or different elements is known as the
atom
NaNO3
Sodium nitrate
Cathode ray experiments led to the discovery of these
electrons
silicon and germanium are examples
semimetal / metalloid
Avogadro's number
6.022 x 1023
Matter can be neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction is a statement of
the conservation of mass
PF5
Phosphorous pentafluoride
Rutherford discovered the nucleus of an atom by firing alpha particles at this
gold foil
Make up most of the periodic table
metal
Which as the most atoms? 1 mole of Mg or 1 mole of N?
The same! A mole is always 6.022 x 1023
protons
H2O2
Hydrogen peroxide
The experiment of Rutherford revealed that the atom is made mostly of
empty space
tend to gain electrons
nonmetals
Which has the most atoms? 10.0 g of Xe or 10.0 g of He?
10.0 g of He
Any two samples of KCl have the same ratio of elements. This is a statement of what law?
the law of definite proportions
Fe(OH)3
Iron (III) Hydroxide
The intent of the gold foil experiment was to experimentally confirm this model
Plum pudding model
metal
What is the formula for molarity?
M = moles solute / Liters of solution
Oxygen can combine with carbon to form two compounds, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The ratio of the masses of oxygen that combine with a given mass of carbon is 1:2. This is an example of what law?
the law of multiple proportions
HBr(aq)
hydrobromic acid
This student of Rutherford discovered the neutron
James Chadwick
right side of the periodic table
nonmetals
How many Cl ions are in a 75.0 mL solution of 0.900 M HCl?
4.06 x 1022 ions