Ch13 Mutations
In the hemoglobin gene, a thymine nucleotide is replaced with an adenine nucleotide. What type of mutation is this?
Point mutation
The premise that available resources were not sufficient for all members of a population to survive was something Darwin adopted to his theory of natural selection. Who was the person responsible for that premise?
Thomas Malthus
What is the most plausible explanation for why the male of most bird species have elaborate plumage and mating rituals?
Sexual Selection
What is a frameshift mutation and why/how does it affect the DNA sequence?
an addition or deletion of a nucleotide affects everything "downstream" of the mutation because the codons have all been altered
What does Mr. Okas say at the beginning of every class?
Happy *whatever day it is*
1. A physical or chemical agent that changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a _____?
2. Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a _____?
1. Mutagen
2. Mutation
Darwin's observation that there were Patagonian hares but no rabbits in South America would be considered what kind of evidence?
Biogeographical
Heterozygotes "protect" the recessive allele. In Africa where malaria is present, the Heterozygous individuals for sickle cell disease manage to survive because the parasite cannot survive in their cells
1. Darwin observed raised beaches on Argentina's coast with marine fossils high in the mountains. What type of evolutionary evidence is this?
2. Darwin's conclusion that living forms must be descended from extinct forms was based on what type of evidence?
1. Geography Evidence
2. Fossil evidence
This musical written by the creators of South Park won the Tony Award for "Best Musical" in the 2011 Tony Awards
The Book Of Mormon
Analysis of a karyotype is used to detect and identify what with regards to your chromosomes?
an abnormal number of chromosomes
1. Manatees, penguins, and sea turtles have all evolved to have flippers to help them move through the water. This is an an example of_______?
2. Modern snakes & whales have pelvic bones, but no legs. These are an example of what type of structure within anatomical evolutionary evidence?
1. Convergent evolution
2. Vestigial Structures
Define the three types of natural selection and explain how each graph looks
Disruptive- Two extreme phenotypes are favored
Directional- One extreme phenotype is favored
Stabilizing- an intermediate phenotype is favored
Explain the driving forces behind natural and artificial selection and provide an example of artificial selection.
Natural: environment
artificial: people, breeding dogs
This poison, found in castor beans, attacks the bodies ability to make proteins and can kill an individual in three days
Ricin
Which type of mutation can can result in no observable effect and why?
Point mutation, because the nucleotide that was changed can still code for the same amino acid within the genetic code.
With regards to ancestry:
1. If there are more similarities in the nucleotide or amino acid sequence, what can be assumed?
2. The analagous wing structures of birds and bees means what?
3. The similar eyes, pharyngeal pouches, and postanal tails of chick and pig embryos are evidence of
1. they have a common ancestor
2. they do not have a common ancestor
3. a common ancestor
List what every variable in the Hardy-Weinberg equation stands for
p=dominant allele
q=recessive allele
p^2=homozygous dominant
q^2=homozygous recessive
2pq= heterozygous
A fraction of a green frog population survives a hurricane to reproduce and generate a new population. This event is an example of what deviation from equilibrium?
Genetic Drift
Correctly name each UK version of the following US term:
french fries
garbage
cotton candy
cookie
chips, rubbish, candy floss, biscuit
Define the following.
1. Deletion
2. Duplication
3. Translocation
4. Inversion
5. Chromosome 7 lost an end piece, resulting in Williams Syndrome. What is this an example of?
1. a segment of a chromosome is deleted
2. a segment of gene is duplicated/repeated
3. genetic material is shared between non-homologous chromosomes
4. a sequence within a chromosome is inverted 180 degrees
5. Deletion
List and describe all four steps of Natural Selection
1. Heritable variations
2. Struggling to exist
3. Reproductive fitness
4. Adaptation
List and describe the five deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium that can cause microevolution
Genetic Mutations
Gene Flow
Non-random Mating
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection
Explain the industrial melanism example from class. Define which equilibrium deviation this follows and what the graph would look like.
soot from air pollution darkens the bark of trees and allows dark colored moths to blend in, making the light moths visible to prey. this is directional natural selection
List five things that Rick Astley will never do
Give you up, let you down, run around and desert you, make you cry, say goodbye, tell a lie and hurt you