1. Tools of Biology
What is the study of Life
Biology
All living organisms rely on ___to carry out life processes
molecules
What are the physical states?
___ are the basic unit of life and all living organisms are composed of one or more.
cells
___ is the ability to do work or produce change
energy
What are the two measuring systems we use?
Metric and Imperial
____ provide structure, energy, and genetic information
Macromolecules
Enzymes are __ that catalyze chemical reactions
proteins
___ organisms perform functions such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
unicellular
what is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
What are the four major elements?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen
Compare a monomer vs a polymer
monomer: small, simple molecules that act as the building blocks of polymers
polymers: chemical link made up of monomers
Compare the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth: makes lipids and detoxifies. Involved in lipid synthesis and storage of calcium
rough:makes proteins with ribosomes. It's the site of protein synthesis and modification
compare prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic: genetic material is located in the nucleoid. They reproduce by binary fission
eukaryotic: complex cells that have a nucleus and contain DNA and membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotes are generally smaller/less complex. Eukaryotes are larger/more compartmentalized
Where does Cellular respiration occur in the cell?
In mitochondria for eukaryotes
Name the scientific method in order
Observation, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment, Data, Conclusion
Why are enzymes critical to sustain life?
Most biochemical reactions would be too slow to sustain cellular function without them
Describe the importance/function of the 1. mouth/esophagus, 2. stomach, 3. small intestine, 4. large intestine
1. mouth/esophagus: ensures food reaches the stomach efficiently for further digestion
2. stomach: food/nutrients are pulled here
3. small intestine: most digestion occurs here
4. large intestine: maintains fluid and electrolyte balance
Name the characteristics shared by all cells
DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
What is the role of the NADH in the electron transport chain?
Stores and delivers high-energy electron for ATP production
Name the levels of biological organization (in order from smallest to largest)
Cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
Describe the role of carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
carbs: provide energy
Lipids: store energy and form membranes
proteins: perform structural and enzymatic roles
nucleic acids: store and transmit genetic information
Who played in the 2001 NBA finals and who was the winner?
76ers vs Lakers, Lakers won
Name each of the following:
1. Membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that house the cells DNA
2. A phospholipid bilayer that forms the boundary of the cells
3. A gel-like consistency composed of cytosol, organelles, and dissolved molecules
4. Organelles known as the "powerhouses of the cell"
1. Nucleus
2. plasma membrane
3. Cytoplasm
4. Mitochondria
ETC