Cochlea
Outer/Middle Ear
Inner Ear and CNS
Outer Hair Cells
Inner Hair Cells
100
Endolymph is found in this scala.
What is the scala media?
100
The function of the middle ear which allows it to overcome the impedance mismatch of sound in air traveling through to fluid in the cochlea
What is impedance matching?
100
This systematic organization of frequency by location which is seen at every level of the auditory system.
What is tonotopic organization?
100
What is the primary function of the outer hair cells?
What is Cochlear amplifier/ Clarity?
100
What is the primary function of the inner hair cells?
What is Transmit information to the brain
200
A thin membrane that goes from the top of the medial aspect of the limbus to the spiral ligament at an upward angle of about 45°
What is Reissner's membrane?
200
The force that is exerted over the larger area of the tympanic membranewhich is then transmitted to the smaller area of the oval window– creating a ratio difference of 17:1
What is the area advantage/ratio?
200
The number of inner hair cells.
What is 3500 inner hair cells?
200
What are the number of outer hair cells rows.
What is three rows in the organ of corti?
200
What is the job of the hair cells located inside the cochlea?
What is the hair cells create nerve impulses which go to the brain along the auditory nerve.
300
The sensory organ for hearing and sits on top of the basilar membrane
What is the Organ of Corti?
300
For what frequency sounds does the pinna act as a resonator?
What is the pinna acts as a resonator for sounds between 2000 to 5000 Hz. Provides a 5-10 dB increase for these sounds.
300
Sounds transmitted to the cochlea develop a special kind of wave pattern on the basilar membrane that always travels from the base up toward the apex. This is called...
What is the traveling wave?
300
The number of outer hair cells.
What is 12,000 outer hair cells?
300
Inner hair cells are 90% _____
What is afferents? each afferent innervates 1 hair cell each hair cell can contact multiple afferents
400
It arises from the upper lip of the limbus and forms the overlying membrane of the Organ of Corti—it sits on top of the Organ of Corti and the supporting cells of the cochlear duct
What is the Tectorial Membrane?
400
The tensor tympani is attached to?
What is the malleus?
400
The frequency to which a hair cell or neuron best responds. It is usually determined by the neurons lowest threshold or greatest magnitude of response to a tone. In other words, The neuron seems to be “tuned” to one frequency
What is its characteristic frequency?
400
Outer hair cells stereocillia are embedded in.
What is the tectorial membrane?
400
True or False inner hair cells are not embedded in the tectorial membrane
What is true?
500
Because the basilar membrane does this as it goes from the base to the apex, it creates a gradation of stiffness...most stiff at the base and least stiff at the apex
What is "gets wider"?
500
Where and how is sound transduced between the outer ear and brain?
What is Sound starts as an ACOUSTIC signal, when it gets to the tympanic membrane and middle ear it is turned into MECHANICAL Energy, next it is turned into HYDROLIC energy in the cochlea, finally it is turned into NEURAL signal by the hair cells and sent to the brain.
500
This is the reason why high frequency hearing loss is more common.
What is tonotopic organization, high frequencies are perceived at the base of the cochlea, low frequencies tucked away in apex. All sound waves must travel through high frequencies to get to characteristic frequency (more used)
500
The outer hair cells play a very significant role in the reception of ____________ sounds. Without outer hair cells, we would have approximately ______ to _____ decibels of sensorineural hearing loss.
What is soft and 40 to 60 dB?
500
Many of the efferent neurons that communicate with the Organ of Corti come from this area on both sides of the brainstem.
What is What is the olivocochlear bundle (OCB) of the superior olivary complex?
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