Intro to Research Methods
Information believed to be true and reliable is referred to as ______.
Knowledge
Statements about expected relationships between variables are called ______.
Hypotheses
When information is gathered by researchers and there are no identifying characteristics allowing the researchers to match up results of individual subjects, this illustrates _____________________.
Anonymity
Words or symbols in language that we use to represent ideas, mental images, or notions are known as ___________________.
Concepts
Police departments are an example of which of the following units of analysis?
Groups/Organizations
What are the four purposes of research?
Exploration, description, explanation, application
A set of statements explaining a phenomenon is also known as a(n) ______.
Theory
______ refers to copying and pasting text from research articles verbatim without giving the author credit.
Cloning or plagarizing
A process in which a researcher identifies how each concept will be measured based on the conceptual definition is referred to as ______.
Operationalization
A ______ sample accurately represents or reflects the population sampled.
Representative
We live in a world of two realities. What are these realities?
Experimental and agreement
What are two examples of vulnerable populations?
Children, women, those with mental illness, pregnant women/unborn children.
The three most frequently used Boolean operators are ______.
and, or, not
When the meaning of identified attributes do not overlap as a requirement of measurement, this is called ______.
Mutual exclusivity
Being able to use the findings from samples to make statements about the general population is called ______.
Generalizability
The Belmont Report’s ______ principle states that researchers are obligated to do no harm, to maximize possible benefits and to minimize possible harms to all participants in a study.
Beneficence
In a cause-and-effect relationship, the ____________ is the cause, and the ___________ is the effect.
Independent variable, dependent variable
What part of an empirical journal article contains a concise description of a journal article’s research results?
Abstract
______ measurement are attributes or response categories whose only difference is their name.
Nominal
The most common unit of analysis used in criminology and criminal justice research is ______.
Individual
During observation, if you choose to follow “the exception that proves the rule,” or an idea that doesn’t make any sense, you have made which error?
Illogical reasoning
Based on the core principles of ethical research, why was Milgram’s teacher/learner study found to be unethical?
Lacked beneficence
What does APA stand for?
American Psychological Association
When a measure corresponds to existing measures, ______ validity is established.
Criterion
A researcher demonstrating an ecological fallacy is applying conclusions about a group or organization to ______.
Individuals