tools of biology
what is the scientific study of life.
biology
What are the macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
what are the states of matter
gas, solid, liquid, plasma
What is the cell?
The basic unit of life.
What is ATP?
The molecule that stores energy in phosphate bonds and powers most cellular processes.
What are characteristics of life?
Three characteristics shared by all living organisms such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, or response to stimuli
What are amino acids
The building blocks of proteins.
Enzymes are ___ that catalyze chemical reactions
proteins
What are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
The two major categories of cells found in living organisms.
What is metabolism?
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a cell.
what is the variable that the scientist deliberately changes in an experiment.
the independent variable
What is denaturation?
When temperature or pH causes an enzyme to lose its shape and function
Compare the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth: makes lipids and detoxifies. Involved in lipid synthesis and storage of calcium
rough:makes proteins with ribosomes. It's the site of protein synthesis and modification
What are shared features of cells?
DNA, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, or ribosomes.
What is NADH?
This molecule carries high-energy electrons that are used later to produce ATP.
What are characteristics of a well-designed experiment
Two important characteristics of a well-designed experiment include being repeatable, controlled, testable, and having a large sample size.
What are monosaccharides?
These molecules are the monomers of carbohydrates and are simple sugars.
Describe the importance/function of the 1. mouth/esophagus, 2. stomach, 3. small intestine, 4. large intestine
1. mouth/esophagus: ensures food reaches the stomach efficiently for further digestion
2. stomach: food/nutrients are pulled here
3. small intestine: most digestion occurs here
4. large intestine: maintains fluid and electrolyte balance
What are prokaryotic cells?
These cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What is the electron transport chain?
The stage of cellular respiration that produces the majority of ATP.
What are the levels of biological organization? (smallest to largest)
cells → tissue → organ → organ system → organism → population → community → ecosystem → biosphere.
What is the substrate?
The molecule an enzyme binds to, which attaches at a specific region called the active site
Who played in the 2001 NBA finals and who was the winner?
76ers vs Lakers, Lakers won
What is the mitochondrion (mitochondria)?
The organelle responsible for producing most of the cell’s ATP through cellular respiration.
What is ADP?
When ATP loses a phosphate group it becomes this lower-energy molecule.