Chapter 1/2
Illness versus Disease
Illness: subjective : psychological, spiritual and or social disturbance
Disease: functional or structural disturbances
Define Values and how you develop it
Values are beliefs or ideals that guide interactions with patients, colleagues, other professionals, and the public.The development of values begins with professional education in nursing and continues along a continuum throughout the years of nursing practice.
Factors that influence an individual's decision making:
Age
Level of education
Health Beliefs
Motivation and readiness to learn
Health risks and problems
in the context of stress management what is the primary physiological change associated with the body's stress response
activation of sympathetic nervous system leading to increased heart rate muscle tension
what happens to a child's intellectual health if a child lacks essential nutrients in their diet
their intellectual health can become impaired
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary level of prevention
Primary: education
secondary:catch it early and start changes
tertiary: restore health and limit further progression
Describe a positive nurse-person relationship (how do you achieve one)
The nurse–patient relationship based on empathetic communication is characterized by a genuine respect for the patient’s opinions and decisions. Behaviors that facilitate empathetic communication include, listening carefully to the patient,reflecting summary of what the patient has expressed, using terminology the patient can understand, calling the patient by preferred name, and speaking to the patient respectfully.
Define empowerment. How do you apply it to patients?
Empowerment: People having power and control over their own life
Empowerment can be applied to patients by ensuring they receive the proper health education
what role does regular physical exercise play in the stress response according to research?
it helps the body return to a state of homeostasis by reducing stress hormones and improving mood
what is the main reason nutrients are essential to the body
they are required for growth, energy, repair, and maintenance
Define and explain a culturally sensitive assessment
Recognize that cultural differences and similarities exist without assigning them a value, reflecting a broad range of cultural identities and practices.
-Culturally competent care- cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, and cultural skills.
-Transcultural nursing- adapting nursing care to meet the needs of a person from an ethnic minority.
Describe functional focus when assessing a person
Functional focus refers to assessing an individual's performance in relation to the speciality of the assessor. For example, a physical therapist’s functional focus when assessing a person refers to the individual's ability to perform activities of daily living where as a for physicians in genitourinary they would be assessing a patient's frequency and urinary patterns
Describe the evaluation phase of a health education plan.
Evaluation phase: process to assess the effectiveness of the health education program through the use of written testing, oral testing, demonstrations, observation, self reports, and self monitoring
what is the role of antioxidants in a diet aimed at reducing stress
they combat oxidative stress caused by environmental stressors supporting the body's ability to manage stress effectively
what is a common cause of hypoglycemia
hunger due to factors like stress or inability to eat
Describe challenges common for immigrants and refugees
Ineligibility for medicaid, fear of deportation, acute and chronic health issues depending on their country of origin, and language & cultural barriers.
Give one type of Gordons 11 functional health patterns and an example of it
1. Health perception- health management pattern: how a patient perceives their health and what they feel they do to improve or maintain health (i.e going to annual check ups, working out)
Nutritional Metabolic: Eating habits in relation to metabolic need (i.e condition of teeth, hair skin nails, height and weight)
Elimination pattern: patterns of excretory function ( frequency pain, appearance)
Activity-exercise pattern: pattern of exercise (hobbies ADL)
Cognitive Perceptual : sensory perceptual and cognitive patterns ( vision, hearing, taste, touch, pain, smell, language, memory, and decision making)
Self perception self concept: patients self concept pattern (body comfort body image attitudes about self objective data: body posture, eye contact and voice tone)
Sleep rest: pattern of sleep rest and relaxation (clients self concept pattern and perceptions of self)
Role-Relationship: Clients patterns of role engagements and relationships (perception of current major roles and responsibilities and satisfaction with family work or social life)
Sexuality reproductive: Patterns of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with sexuality and reproductive pattern (number and histories of pregnancy and childbirth, satisfaction with sexual relationship)
Coping stress tolerance: general coping pattern and effective of the pattern in terms of stress tolerance (clients usual manner if handling stress perceived ability to manage stress situations)
Value belief: pattern of values beliefs and goals that guide patients choices or decisions (religious affiliation what client perceives as important, value belief conflicts related to healths special religious practices)
Define the health belief model. Describe factors that influence health behavior changes.
Health belief model: Paradigm used to predict and explain health behavior
Factors that influence health behavior changes:
Internal motivators: beliefs, attitudes, and values
External motivators: environment, community, interpersonal group
what is the relationship between stress and the body's immune system?
stress suppresses the immune system by increasing cortisol levels and therefore making the body more vulnerable to infection
what is essential for successful community health promotion
knowledge, technique, and community support
Explain how race, culture, ethnicity, and religion affect how individuals receive healthcare
State what Healthy People objectives provide a framework for and an overarching goal
Healthy People objectives provide a framework to improve the health and wellbeing of the United States Population. The vision for a society in which all people can achieve their full potential for health and well being across the lifespan. Overarching goals is to attain healthy thring lives and well being free of preventable disease, attain health equity, create social physical and economic environments that orinite attaining the full potential for health and well being, and engage leadership
Explain the stages of Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change
Precontemplation: The person is not intending to make behavioral changes within the next 6 months
Contemplation: The person is seriously considering making a specific behavior change within the next 6 months
Planning or preparation: The person who has made a behavior change, is seriously thinking about making more small changes
Action: The person has made a behavior change and it has persisted for 6 months
Maintenance: The period after the change has persisted for the first 6 months has started and continuing indefinitely
relapse
when designing a stress reducing diet what is the key effect in reducing caffeine and sugar intake
it lowers the production of adrenaline and stabilized blood sugar levels, leading to more consistent energy and reduced anxiety
what are the 6 dimensions of health
physical, intellectual, environmental, emotional, spiritual, and social