1.
What sugars makeup maltose?
2 glucose molecules
Starch
What is the IUPAC name for glucose?
Aldohexose
What is a monosaccharide?
Simple sugars
Which -OH at the carbon 1 or carbon 2 of sugar goes up?
Beta
Oxidation of primary alcohol
Aldehyde
In a Fischer projection, the last chiral carbon -OH goes left. What type of isomer is this?
L-isomer
Oxidation of a tertiary alcohol
No reaction
What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates in the mouth?
Amylase
Storage of glucose in animals. Where is it stored?
Glycogen
Liver and muscle
Which is more soluble in water? Why
Propanol or pentanol
Propanol
4:1 rule or 6:1 rule (depending on what you learned)
Describe how this structure, 2-ethyl-2methylheptanoic acid, would look like.
Make sure to list the type of organic structure. E.g. alkane, alkene, etc.
Number of carbons
Location of functional group and other alkyl groups
Carboxylic acid
7 carbons
An ethyl and methyl on the second carbon
Describe this structure: 3-ethyl-2,4-methyl-2-heptanol
Make sure to list the type of organic structure. E.g. alkane, alkene, etc.
Number of carbons
Location of functional group and other alkyl groups
Alcohol
7 carbons
-OH on the second carbon
Ethyl on the 3rd carbon and methyl group on the 2nd and 4th carbon
Is this organic structure listed correctly:2,4-dimethyl-3-ethyloctane? Give the correct answer.
No, the order of the alkyl is not listed alphabetically.
Correct answer: 3-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane
Strongly reducing a carboxylic acid
Primary alcohol
Which has a higher boiling point? Why?
Hexanol or ethanol
Hexanol because hexanol is structurally larger than ethanol
Which is more soluble in water? Why?
Hexanal or hexanoic acid
Hexanoic acid because of the hydration bond in hexanoic acid.
Which has a higher boiling point?
Hexanol or hexanoic acid
Hexanoic acid because of that carbonyl group
Dehydration of two monosaccharides creates...
A disaccharide
Reduction of aldose
alditol
How do constitutional isomers differ from geometric isomers? Give an example of geometric isomers that you learned in this unit.
Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formula, but different connectivity of atoms.
Geometric isomers have the same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different spatial arrangements.
Example: cis 2-pentene and trans-2-pentene
Dehydration of 2-pentanol. Explain the process.
Pentene
Dehydration involves taking the H and OH from pentanol, creating a double bond.
What structure is this?
Hemiacetal
Hydration of propene. Explain your process.
Propanol
Adding H2O breaks the double bond and separates the -OH and H into two different carbons.
What category of molecules has these structures?
2 R groups, ether, and alcoholHemiketal