Fe
This hormone, secreted by the liver, regulates iron homeostasis by degrading ferroportin.
What is hepcidin?
The best dietary source of copper is this type of seafood.
Oysters
The richest dietary source of zinc is this type of food.
Answer: Oysters
Richest food sources of selenium include these animal products.
Answer: Organ meats, seafood, and muscle meats
The primary physiologic function of iodine is the synthesis of these hormones.
Answer: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
Iron exclusively from animal sources is mainly called what
What is heme iron?
Copper is absorbed in the intestine via this high-affinity transporter.
Answer: CTR1
Zinc fingers are structural motifs in these proteins, important for gene expression.
Answer: Transcription factors
This amino acid is considered the “21st amino acid” and is incorporated into about 25 human proteins.
Answer: Selenocysteine
This fortified food has been effective for over 50 years in preventing iodine deficiency in the U.S. and Canada.
Answer: Iodized salt
Iron deficiency is most common in these two at-risk groups.
Who are women of reproductive age and infants/young children?
Mutations in the ATP7A gene cause this disease of impaired copper absorption and transport.
Answer: Menkes disease
This genetic condition leads to impaired intestinal zinc absorption.
Answer: Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Low selenium status combined with viral infection can lead to this cardiomyopathy.
Answer: Keshan disease
Worldwide, iodine deficiency is most strongly associated with this thyroid abnormality.
Answer: Goiter
This protein stores iron in enterocytes, releasing it only when needed.
This copper-carrying plasma protein also plays a role in oxidizing Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺.
Answer: Ceruloplasmin
Zinc is a cofactor for this antioxidant enzyme that also requires copper.
Answer: Superoxide dismutase (SOD1)
This endemic disease of cartilage, sometimes linked with low selenium or iodine, is not cured by selenium supplementation.
Answer: Kashin-Beck disease
Excess selenium can worsen this form of cretinism because it increases conversion of T4 to T3 and raises iodine demand.
Answer: Myxedematous cretinism
A mutation in the HFE gene leads to this condition of systemic iron overload.
What is hereditary hemochromatosis?
Excess copper is excreted primarily by this route, mediated by ATP7B.
Answer: Bile
Chronic high zinc intake can cause deficiency of this trace mineral due to competitive absorption.
Answer: Copper
Chronic selenium toxicity, known as selenosis, is commonly associated with nail and hair changes, skin lesions, and neurological symptoms.
Answer: Selenosis
Pregnancy increases iodine requirements due to greater urinary excretion and a 50% increase in production of these hormones.
Answer: Thyroid hormones