Terminology
Respiration Anatomy
Respiration Physiology
Respiratory Kinematics
100
Explain the difference between communication and language
Communication: the exchange of thoughts and ideas
Language: Abstract, symboled, rule-based representation of meaning
100
What are the 3 functional components of speech? What are the 2 main functions of the respiratory system?
Diaphragm, abdominal muscles, rib cage
Breathing and speech
100
The lungs naturally want to ___ and the rib cage wants to ___.
contract; expand
100
What is on the y-axis and x-axis of the relaxation curve?
y-axis: vital capacity %
x-axis: relaxation pressure (cmH20)
200
Define source & filter; give one example of each
source:generates sounds; phonation of VF
filter modifies the sound; tongue, lips, jaw,
200
List the vertebrae in order and tell how any there are of each
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacral (5)
Coccygeal (5)
200
What is the percentage of inspiration and expiration during rest breathing and speech breathing?
rest breathing: 40% inspiration, 60 % expiration
speech breathing: 10% inspiration, 90% expiration
200
If the lung volume is higher than the resting level, what kind of pressure do we have?
positive pressure
300
Name the 10 functional components of speech
Abdominal muscles, diaphragm, rib cage, larynx, tongue/ pharynx, posterior tongue, anterior tongue, velopharynx, jaw, lips
300
How many pairs of ribs have a direct/ indirect connection, and how many are floating?
1-7 direct
8-10 indirect
11-12 floating
300
During ___ the ribs move anteriorly and _____, and the diaphragm moves ___ and ___
inspiration; laterally; downwards; outwards
300
What does it meant keep the recoil forces in check? (bike analogy)
The inspiratory muscles are like our bike breaks. They monitor the rate at which the recoil forces of the lung let out our air.
400
Explain Boyle's law and how it related to the lungs
As volume increases pressure decreases; as volume decreases pressure increases
When the pressure inside the lungs is less than outside, outside air want to come in
400
Where are the external, intercartilaginous, and interosseous intercostals located on the rib cage?
External: outside thoracic cage
Intercartilaginous: between the cartilage
Interosseous: between the bones
400
The initial act of expiration is produced by the relaxation of the ___muscles, and the ___ ___ of the rib cage
inspiration; recoil forces
400
Your client is asked to produce an /i/ at 8 cmH20. At 60% VC, the muscular forces need to generate:
Which muscular forces are needed?
-2 cmH20
inspiratory
500
Define/ explain each of the 4 parts of the model of expressive language
IDEA: message planning;" what do I want to say?"
WORDS: message coding; "how should I say it?" choose words and sounds
MOVEMENT STRATEGY: motor planning/ programming; choose which muscles contract/ how much/ how long
MOVING: motor execution; activation/ movement of muscles in respiratory, phonatory, resonators, articulatory systems
500
We have two kinds of pleura in our thoracic cage. What are they, where are they located, and what would happen if we didn't have them?
Visceral pleura: lines exterior of lungs
Parietal pleura: lines the interior of the rib cage
If we did not have the pleura, our lungs would collapse and our ribs would expand to full capacity
500
Your client is asked to produce an /i/ at 8 cmH2O. At 5% VC, the muscular pressure needed is:
+38 cmH2O
500
Explain how the inspiratory and expiratory muscles are used while maintaining a steady state utterance.
Once we inhale the recoil forces naturally want to bring the lungs back down to equilibrium with the atmospheric pressure. When we begin to produce a steady state utterance, the inspiratory muscles 'check' the recoil forces by counteracting them until we reach equilibrium and they are no longer needed. Then the expiratory muscles take over to continue expiration past equilibrium.