?
Do individuals or populations evolve?
Populations
What is fitness?
Fitness is defined as the correct number of offspring an individual produces in its lifetime that survive to reproductive age.
What is speciation?
The formation of new and distinct species
What is sexual selection?
The process in which individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely to attract mates.
Can evolution occur quickly and/or over a long period of time?
Both! Yes, evolution can occur quickly. For example, it can occur relatively quickly in small scale populations.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
A genotype describes the genetic makeup of an organism. A phenotype describes the appearance of those genes.
True or False. Homologous structures are features of different species that are similar in function but not in structure.
False - Analogous structures are features of different species that are similar in function but not in structure
True or False: All living organisms are not related to each other
False
What is macroevolution?
It is major evolutionary change! It is important evolution dating back to big transitions such as land to sea. It is evidence of extinction, emergence, and loss.
What is the ultimate source of variation in a population?
Mutations! Mutations generate new alleles in a population, thus increasing the genetic variation
What are the three ways evolution can occur?
Genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection
What are the 3 models of selection?
Directional, stabilizing, and disruptive
Name at least 2 misconceptions about evolution
Evolution doesn't matter to me
Evolution is slow
Evolution is not happening right now
Evolution is directional
There are no limits to evolution
Evolution is just a theory
Natural selection is the only cause of evolution
The two kinds of speciation are anagenesis and cladogenesis. What is the difference?
Anagenesis is evolutionary change within single lineages through time. Cladogenesis is the branching or diversification of lineages.
What is the pace of evolution limited by?
The pace of evolution is limited by generation time! Species with short generation times can evolve faster than species with long generation times
What is the relative fitness of a sterile animal that can live up to 500 years and is immune to any disease?
Zero, because it is unable to reproduce and pass along its genes.
What is antibiotic resistance and how does it develop?
Antibiotic resistant bacteria can cause illnesses that were once easily treatable with antibiotics to become untreatable, leading to dangerous infections. It develops from evolution and natural selection.
What was Lamarck's theory on evolution?
He believed individuals controlled which parts of their bodies they kept and which they disposed of. He also believed individuals could pass on acquired traits to their offspring.
In a hypothetical situation, darker colored rabbits and lighter colored rabbits are favored more in a population compared to rabbits possessing a gray shade of fur. What type of selection is this?
Disruptive Selection
What are the conditions for the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
No mutations, random mating, no natural selection, extremely large population size, and no gene flow