Philosophical Value and Cycle of Science
Define tenacity
Accepting knowledge because you are comfortable with it and want to hold on to it
2 characteristics of hypotheses?
Testable and falsifiable
Give an example of a physiological measure
Brain activity (EEG, fMRI), Peripheral (heart rate)
Define split-half reliability
Consistency of data across subgroups when test is broken down into smaller segments (e.g., odd vs even questions)
List sections of research article
Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion
Define authority
Accepting knowledge because someone you think is an expert claims that it is true
Identify IV and DV: Poor emotion regulation predicts higher depression
IV: Emotion regulation
DV: Depression
2 advantages of self-report questionnaires
Cheap, fast, assess internal processes
Consistency in observer ratings of parenting behavior refers to...
Inter-rater reliability
What info is found in the methods?
Measures used, how data were collected, sample recruitment and descriptives
Define the scientific approach
Accepting knowledge based on empirically derived data
You are doing a study on the effects of stress on academic performance. Give a research question...
Ex: Do high levels of stress negatively impact academic performance?
2 advantages of interviews
More detailed answeres, Less skipped questions, Interviewer rapport and clarification of questions
How well your measure compares to other validated measures of the same construct
Criterion validity
Ranking (1st vs 2nd) in jeopardy is what data type?
Ordinal: categorical and rank ordered
Label the cycle of science:
A --> B --> C --> D
A. Make observations/develop a question
B. Formulate hypotheses
C. Collect and analyze data
D. Develop or modify theories (results will confirm or not confirm your hypotheses)
You are doing a study on the effects of violent video games on aggression. Give a hypothesis...
I hypothesize that individuals who play violent video games more frequently will display higher levels of aggressive behavior.
2 disadvantages of naturalistic observation
Time-consuming and $$, unrepresentative slices of behavior, subjective interpretations of behavior
Measure that looks good on the surface
Face validity
Height and weight is what data type?
Ratio
List the characteristics of science
Objective (well-defined, no personal bias)
Data-driven (logical conclusions, don't over-interpret beyond what is tested)
Replicable and verifiable (can recreate study, can reproduce same results)
Public
Operationalize "friendship"
Self-report of friendship quality; Number of classmates who list the child as their friend; etc.
2 disadvantages of interviews
Social desirability, interviewer bias
Why is reliability important?
Ensures that variability in our data is due to true change/manipulation and not an inconsistent measurement tool
Define interval data
Numerical and can be rank-ordered, but no true zero (ex: temperature, SAT scores)