ACTION POTENTIALS
What is the threshold potential?
Initiates APs
-55mV
Information exits through the _____.
Axon
Driving Force is _____
the net force available to move an ion across membrane
NTs bind to receptors on the ___-synaptic cell?
Acetylcholine
NTs bind to receptors on the ___-synaptic cell?
Post-synaptic
Depolarization can be seen in the ___ phase of an AP
Rising
Which stain uses silver to stain the entirety of SOME neurons?
Golgi stain
In what direction is the driving force of Na+ at when the neuron is at rest
(into or out of cell)
Into Cell
Which neurotransmitter can be degraded by monoamine oxidase (MOA)?
Serotonin
What results from the rapid influx of Ca2+ during synaptic transmission?
Exocytosis
____ refractory periods occur while the cell is hyperpolarized, making AP unlikely but technically possible. (relative vs. absolute)
Relative
Which type of Glia is responsible for controlling the blood-brain barrier?
Astrocytes
What type of force drives K+ movement during the an AP when potential is between 0 and -70mV?
(diffusion, electrostatic, or both)
Diffusion
Name 3 of the ionotropic receptors.
AMPA receptor, NMDA receptor, GABA receptor, Glutamate receptor, nicotinic ACh receptor
How do NTs return to their vesicles after being released into the synaptic cleft?
Reuptake
Explain the role of Nodes of Ranvier in AP propagation.
Points of regeneration
High [ ] of Na+ channels
Gaps in myelin
Explain what is meant by the phrase “banana in a salty pool” using the terms: Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+
K+ inside
All else outside
Which ion has the strongest driving force when a cell is at resting potential (-65mV)
Ca++
Name 3 NTs synthesized from tyrosine.
Dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine (catecholamines)
Which neurotransmitter enters the postsynaptic neuron?
NONE!
A virus inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, preventing them from opening. What do you think would happen in a person's nervous system if this virus enters their system?
Action potential initiation would be inhibited
Name 3 differences between schwann cells and oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells: PNS, each cell is just 1 myelin segment, repair
Oligodendrocytes: CNS, 1 oligodendro. produces myelin sheath for many axons, CANT repair
If the cell potential is at (HYPOTHETICALLY) –80 mV and K+ channels were to open, what would be the driving force of the K+ ions?
NONE bc they’re at equilibrium
If glutamate receptors were to be blocked, preventing them from being activated by glutamate, what would most likely be directly reduced or impaired?
EPSPs
How would inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels affect synaptic transmission between two neurons connected by an electrical synapse?
Unaffected