Chapter 1
Dr. Smyth is studying the relationship of socioeconomic status to health and disease. Dr. Smyth is evidently working from the _____ perspective.
What is sociocultural.
Which epidemiological method is essentially the same as a longitudinal study?
What is prospective study.
A year after her combat duty in the war in Iraq, Sheila began having nightmares and unwanted flashbacks to her traumatic experience. Sheila would probably be diagnosed as suffering from:
What is posttraumatic stress disorder.
An increased risk for hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes is associated with:
What is chronic inflammation.
Which structure has been called the CEO of the brain?
What is the leading cause of death among people age 65 and over?
What are chronic conditions.
Which type of study begins with a group of people who are already suffering from a disease and then examines factors associated with that disease?
What is retrospective.
Which model proposes that illness results from the interaction between a person’s psychological and physiological vulnerabilities and the stressors they experience?
What is the diathesis-stress model.
According to the _____ hypothesis, social support enhances the body’s physical responses to challenging situations.
What is direct effect.
Which theory contends that when altering their health-related behaviors, people pass through the stages of precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance?
What is the transtheoretical model.
Dr. Mills conducts research on the health assets that produce longer life and optimal human functioning. Which specialty area does her research best represent?
What is positive health psychology.
A study comparing representative groups of people of various ages on a particular dependent variable is called a _____ study.
What is cross-sectional.
The most influential model describing the importance of conscious appraisal in stress is the:
_____ is a multimodal intervention that combines relaxation training, visualization, cognitive restructuring, reinforcement, and other techniques to help people cope with a range of stressors.
What is cognitive-behavioral stress management.
According to the theory of planned behavior, the best way to predict whether a health behavior will occur is to measure a person’s:
What is behavioral intention.
In the United States, if a person dies at 18 years of age, what is the MOST likely cause of death?
What is an accident.
The group that is exposed to the condition or treatment of interest in an experiment is the _____ group.
What is experimental, or treatment.
According to Hans Selye, the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome is responsible for the physiological damage related to stress.
What is exhaustion.
_____ is a form of therapy that focuses on using structured meditation to promote a moment-to-moment, nonjudgmental awareness.
What is mindfulness-based stress reduction.
Many cognitive-behavioral interventions use _____ as the first step in promoting behavior change.
What is self-monitoring.
The concept that maintains illness always has a biological cause and represents the dominant view in medicine today is known as the _____ model.
Professor Booth believes that regular exercise boosts academic achievement. To find out if that is true, she compares, over the course of 6 months, the academic achievement of (1) a group of students who, by their own admission, get little or no exercise and (2) a group of students who exercise regularly. This is an example of a(n):
What is a quasi-experiment.
Some individuals are more vulnerable to illness because their biological systems respond more strongly to environmental triggers. These individuals show greater:
What is reactivity.
When trying to replace his client’s vicious cycle of maladaptive, self-defeating thoughts with healthier, adaptive ones, Darren’s psychologist is MOST likely using:
What is cognitive restructuring.
Grayson has been diagnosed with prediabetes, and his dietician has suggested that he reduce the number of sugary snacks he consumes each day. To reduce his temptation to buy and consume these snacks, Grayson starts shopping at a local farmer’s market and subscribes to a healthy-eating blog. Grayson’s behavior demonstrates principles of a:
What is stimulation control intervention.