Chapter 1
Dr. Mills conducts research on the health assets that produce longer life and optimal human functioning. Which specialty area does her research best represent?
What is positive health psychology.
When conducting a clinical trial, the experimenter establishes the _____ level of a condition before measuring the effectiveness of a treatment.
What is baseline.
When health psychologists study variables that cannot be manipulated, they often conduct a:
What is quasi-experiment.
According to the _____ hypothesis, social support promotes better health by helping people cope more effectively and consequently mitigates the negative consequences of stress.
What is buffering.
_____ reflects our motivation to comply with the views of other people regarding a health-related behavior.
What is the subjective norm.
Bella wants to enroll in a graduate program to become a health psychologist. In this program she will have to take some research training courses and content courses based upon the biopsychosocial health model, but the bulk of the program is focused on clinical training experiences that will enable her to be licensed to counsel individuals. What type of program should she choose?
What is PsyD.
John designs an experiment to determine the role of the consumption of unsaturated fats in the development of cardiac illnesses. He conducts the experiment on a group of individuals whose daily meals include large quantities of saturated fats. At the beginning of the study, the participants are all checked for any preexisting health conditions. When it is established that the group is disease-free, John starts recording the changes that occur in each of their cardiac systems with the consumption of unsaturated fats. Which type of study is John using for his research?
What is a prospective study.
The nuclear conflict model of psychosomatic medicine was developed by:
_____ coping strategies are more often linked with better health outcomes when used for school- or work-related stressors.
What is problem-focused.
Felicia was just diagnosed with osteoporosis, a condition characterized by loss of bone density. She has started going to the gym and lifting weights, because there is some evidence that strength-building exercises help build bone density back, or at least slow the loss. This is an example of _____ prevention.
What is secondary.
The _____ perspective maintains that health and disease must be explained in terms of multiple contexts.
What is biopsychosocial.
The rate of _____ refers to the total number of cases of a specific illness in a given group of people at a given time.
What is morbidity.
Scarcity and enhancement are two competing hypotheses regarding women and:
What is role overload.
_____ refers to the belief that one can determine one’s own internal states and behavior, influence one’s environment, and/or bring about desired outcomes.
What is psychological control.
Baked food and confectionery are likely to serve as _____ for a person on a sugar-free diet.
What are discriminative stimuli.
The idea that bacteria and viruses invade body cells and cause them to malfunction is known as the _____ theory of disease.
What is germ.
_____ refers to the number of new cases of a disease, infection, or disability that occur in a specific population within a defined period of time.
What is incidence.
Which stage of life has been recently introduced due to the shift in timetable regarding the completion of transitory milestones such as completing school, leaving home, becoming financially independent, marrying, and having a child?
What is emerging adulthood.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is based on the view that our _____ determine(s) our stress level.
What are perceptions, or thought.
_____ refers to the paradoxical outcome in which adversity somehow leads people to greater psychological and/or physical well-being.
What is thriving.
_____ is best known for his belief that the mind and body are autonomous processes.
What is Descartes.
Sara is conducting a study to find out if age plays a role in the development of breast cancer. She starts by looking at three groups of women who are similar in their ethnicity but are of different ages. These groups consist of women in the age ranges 28–35, 36–48, and 49–60. She then calculates the percentage of women from each group who have been diagnosed with breast cancer. Identify the type of study Sara is using for her research.
What is a cross-sectional study?
For minority populations, daily hassles compounded by perceived discrimination have been linked with a marked increase in _____ in that population.
What is hypertension.
The purpose of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is to become aware of and focus on:
What is the present moment.
Which structure has been called the CEO of the brain?
What is the prefrontal cortex.