History
A term used largely by the media that exaggerated crime of a minority of youth
What is a "super predator"?
Established the standard of evidence was "beyond reasonable doubt"
What is Winship (1970)?
Represents the relationship between age and crime
What is the age-crime curve?
These individuals patrol schools
What are SROs/school police?
A theory that discusses the effects of internal controls
What is self-control theory?
The county and state of the first juvenile court
What is Cook County, Illinois?
Since this case, juveniles have the rights to be given notice of charge, counsel, and to confront and cross-examine witnesses
What is Gault (1967)?
Illegal behaviors that have not been officially labeled by the justice system
What are behavioral definitions?
A national trend wherein children are funneled out of public schools and into the juvenile and criminal justice systems
What is the School-to-Prison Pipeline?
Said to be the most serious and violent types of offenders according to Lombroso
What are Born Criminals?
Policies that were introduced into schools under the Gun-Free Schools Act (1994)
What are zero tolerance policies?
Banned the dealth penalty for juveniles below 18 years old
What is Roper v. Simmons (2005)?
Reports and records only the most serious crime in an event
What is the hierarchy rule?
These platforms can create threats to the safety of a school
What are social media platforms?
The antithesis of labeling theory
What is deterrence theory?
Another word for a "guilty mind"
What is mens rea?
Established that no person under 16 years old should be executed
What is Thompson v. Oklahoma (1988)?
Reports on crime of almost 100% of the US population
What is the UCR?
The authors of this article discussed Assessing the Role of Household Structure and Parent-Child Relationship in Juvenile Delinquency
Who is Jacobsen and Zaatut?
This theory described three types of youth subcultures, one being a criminal subculture
What is Differential Opportunity Theory?
The first code of law to mention punishing children for wrongdoing
What is the Code of Hammurabi?
Established life without the possibility of parole for non-homicide offenders is unconstitutional
What is Graham v Florida (2010)?
Some examples include: National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) and Monitoring the Future (MTF)
What are surveys/unofficial data?
An example of a self-report survey that can be used to sample students in schools
What is The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescence to Adult Health (Add Health), etc?
This major thesis within self-control theory suggests that self-control is the only causal explanation for crime
What is the Spuriousness thesis?