Atoms and Bonds
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
EQUALLY shared electrons
What property of carbon makes it allows it to form large, complex molecules?
Tetravalent
Which of the functional groups discussed in class in NONPOLAR?
Methyl
What can easily pass through cell membranes?
Small, nonpolar
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
Rosalind Franklin
What is the correct order of bonds from weakest to strongest?
Van der Waals, Hydrogen, Ionic, Covalent
What is the term for a substance that minimizes the changes in pH?
Buffer
Name the functional groups found in an amino acid.
Carboxyl and amine
What is the covalent bond that holds together two monosaccharides in a carb?
Glycosidic linkage
What is the correct order for the "flow of information" in protein synthesis?
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
What are the bonds WITHIN water molecules? Between separate water molecules?
Polar covalent (partial charges), hydrogen
Draw a cis-isomer around a carbon double bond
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Which functional group is where ketoses and aldoses are found?
Carbonyl
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats = only single bonds, solid at room temp; Unsaturated fats = double bonds, liquid at room temp
What is responsible for adding new nucleotides for the growing mRNA strand?
RNA polymerase
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the isotope of Chlorine, Cl-37 that has a charge of -1?
Chlorine atomic number = 17
Protons = 17, Neutrons = 20, Electrons = 18
A carbon is attached to another carbon through a double bond. How many hydrogens total are needed to complete both carbons' valence shells?
4 (2 per carbon)
Which functional group is found on a nucleotide?
Phosphate, hydroxyl
What organelle is important for generating and processing proteins for use in the membrane?
Rough ER, with ribosomes
What tells the RNAP where to bind?
Transcription factors bound to promoter and activators bound to enhancers
Describe the name and charge of each atom in an IONIC bond?
Cation = positively charged ion that donates an electron
Anion = negatively charged ion that receives an electron
What are the four properties of water that contribute to life on earth?
Cohesion/Adhesion, Decreased density upon freezing (expands), High specific heat; Solvent for polar and ionic compounds
Draw 3 functional groups on the board and name them.
(boardwork)
What makes up the endomembrane system?
Nucleus, ER, lysosomes, vesicles, golgi
The following is a sequence of mRNA built from DNA. What is the DNA sequence of the template strand used to build this mRNA?
5' - UGAAGCCUA - 3'
3' - ACTTCGGAT - 5'