Stages of Cancer and Major Cancer Types
The grade of cancer that is more aggressive, likely to spread, and difficult to treat.
high grade cancer
Type of cells that can divide indefinitely
Cancer cells
The three DNA repair mechanisms that allow cells to prevent cancer and the accumulation of mutations
Recognize, Remove, and Repair
A cancer-inducing gene that can transform cells from a normal to cancerous growth state
Oncogene
The order of the three types of cancer from earliest to latest onset effects
Hereditary, Familial, Sporadic
The staging system is used to describe types of cancer. (full name – not abbreviation)
Tumor description, regional lymph Nodes, distant Metastasis
A series of molecular steps that lead to cell death
Apoptosis
A region of DNA that repeats the same sequence tens or hundreds of times
Satellite
The consequence of apoptosis being triggered by p53
The cell undergoes rapid death to protect the organism
The type of testing performed to determine whether someone is at risk of developing cancer at some point in their lifetime
Genetic
The most lethal (tissue) type of cancer for biological females in the US
Lung cancer
The type of mutation that is passed down from parent to child and increases a person’s likelihood of developing cancer.
Inherited mutation
The three primary mechanisms cells utilize to fix damaged DNA
DNA repair enzymes, Repair DNA adducts, and Error-prone repair mechanisms
The tumor suppressor that may stop the advancement of the cell cycle to prevent further growth of a cell with genetic damage
p53
An estimate of the treatment outcomes for a particular disease
Prognosis
Type of cancer that is often diagnosed in late-stage metastasis, difficult to treat, and poorly understood
Pancreatic cancer
The process that supplies nutrients to a tumor by making new blood vessels
Angiogenesis
The tool used to inspect chromosomes for structural and replicative abnormalities.
Karyotypes
The position in which the K-ras gene is sometimes mutated in the development of cancer
12
The type of cancer that least amount of cancer patients (5-7%) experience
Hereditary
The most important risk for breast cancer
Increasing age
The gene that when missing or mutated is no longer able to limit cell growth
Growth suppressors
The base pairings when transcribing DNA into mRNA
T-A, A-U, C-G, G-C
The process that occurs when EGFR binds EGF
EGFR dimerizes and undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation
A sample of tissue suspected of being cancerous that is removed for testing
Biopsy