Memory
What is the duration and capacity of sensory memory?
a few seconds and a large capacity
What is the purpose of a case study?
to provide an in-depth understanding of a single case
What is neuroplasticity?
the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections
Define circadian rhythms.
the body's natural 24-hour cycle that regulates sleep-wake patterns
Who is known for developing the theory of cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
What are some strategies for effortful processing?
elaborative rehearsal and mnemonic devices
Describe positive correlation.
when two variables move in the same direction
What are the main functions of the cerebellum?
to coordinate voluntary movements and balance
What are psychoactive drugs?
substances that alter perception, mood, or consciousness
Who proposed the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
How do external cues influence memory retrieval?
contextual cues that trigger recall
What are demand characteristics?
cues that influence participants' behavior in a study
Describe the functions of the amygdala.
to process emotions like fear and pleasure
What are the effects of sleep loss?
impaired memory, mood swings, and decreased cognitive function
What did B.F. Skinner contribute to psychology?
operant conditioning and reinforcement
Define false memory
a memory that people recall differently from the way it actually happened
What is a placebo effect?
when participants improve because they believe they are receiving treatment
What do split-brain studies reveal?
that each hemisphere of the brain has specialized functions
Define tolerance.
the body's reduced response to a drug after repeated use
Who is known for the psychoanalytic theory?
Sigmund Freud
Explain the other-race effect.
the tendency to recognize faces of one's own race better than those of other races
Define independent variable (IV) in an experiment.
the variable that is manipulated to observe its effect
What are some symptoms of CTE?
memory loss, confusion, and mood changes
What are hallucinogens?
drugs that cause sensory distortions and altered perceptions
Who is considered the father of behaviorism?
John B. Watson