Ch 1 Patho
Apoptosis VS Necrosis
Apoptosis- programmed cell death (normal occurrence in the body)
Necrosis- death of one or more cells as a result of irreversible damage.
What drug standard was established in 1970 and what special administration was formed?
Controlled Substances Act
DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration)
A list of medical conditions or diseases for which the drug is meant to be used.
Indications
What type effect reaches a widespread area of the body?
Systemic effect
What are the local effects of inflammation?
redness, warmth, swelling (edema), pain, potential loss of function.
What adaptive cellular change would a decrease in the size of a leg after being in a cast for 6 weeks be?
What is the term applied to tissue in which cells vary in size and shape?
atrophy
dysplasia
Schedule 2 controlled substances are at what abuse potential and name 2 examples
high
morphine and Percocet
What is the therapeutic use of anticoagulants?
Narcotic analgesics?
Decrease clotting in blood
Relieve severe pain
What type of does is it called when there is an initial high does used to quickly elevate the level of a drug in the blood. It is often then followed by a series of lower maintenance doses.
Loading does
True or False
Acetaminophen is an antiinflammatory?
False
What is the period of time in the early development of a disease when one is aware of a change in the body but the signs are nonspecific?
Prodromal period
What are some main differences between the FDA and the DEA?
The FDA is concerned with general safety standards in the production of drugs, foods, and cosmetics and for approval and removal of products on the market.
The DEA is concerned only with controlled substances and they enforce laws against drug activities. They also monitor the need for changing the schedules of abused drugs.
If a drug is a Legend drug, what is required in order to receive the drug?
A prescription
What is potentiation?
The action of 2 drugs in which one prolongs or multiples the effect of the other.
What type of exudate is thick, sticky, and has a high cell and fibrin count?
Fibrinous
What type of necrosis is a form of coagulation necrosis in which a think, yellowish, "cheesy" substance forms. Example: Tuberculosis (TB)
Caseous
Xanax falls under what schedule of controlled substances?
codeine?
4
3
What is the therapeutic use for diuretics?
Antibiotics?
Antihypertensives?
Increase urinary output
Eliminate infection
Reduce/lower BP
What are the 4 drug processes and explain?
Absorption- passage of a substance through a membrane into the bloodstream.
Distribution- moving from the bloodstream into the tissues and fluids of the body.
Metabolism- physical and chemical alterations that substances undergo in the body.
Excretion- eliminating waste products of drug metabolism from the body.
Decreased capillary permeability, enhanced effectiveness of epinephrine and norepinephrine, reduced # of leukocytes and mast cells, reduces immune response.
What term refers to an area of dead cells resulting from a lack of O2?
If this occurs to heart muscles, do they regenerate and undergo mitosis?
Infarction
No, scar tissue must replace this dead tissue
What did the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act do? What year?
Made it so all OTC drugs a patient is taking must be documented as part of their medical record. It also mandated that pharmacists provide drug use review and patient counseling before dispensing prescriptions to patients.
1990
Contraindications
List 4 parenteral routes of administration.
3 enteral
4 nonparenteral
IV, IM, subcu, ID, intracardiac, intraosseous, intraspinal, intraventricular, and intracapsular
PO, NG, R/PR
SL, D, T, ophthalmic, otic, transvaginal, nasal, inhalation
Explain the healing process in your own words
Blood clot forms to seal the area, inflammation develops, after 3-4 days, foreign material and cell debris have been removed my phagocytes, monocytes, and macrophages, lastly the granulation tissue grows in the gap.