Evolution/Natural Selection
Evidence for Evolution
Random
Vocabulary
1st Half of Bio
100
What are the two main ways genetic drift can happen?
1. Bottleneck effect
2. Founder effect?
100
Explain how leg bones in whales provide evidence for evolution
Leg bones are now useless in whales but they help support the theory that they come form land-dwelling ancestors.
100
What was the super continent named?
Pangea
100
Different species may share physical features, but these structures do not always have the same function. These structures are called
Homologous structures
100
Most energy is lost as
Heat
200
If a small proportion of the original population establishes a new population that contains a different allele frequency this is known as
Founder Effect
200
What are embryos?
The early stages of development of a living organism
200
The wings of birds, butterflies and bats are an example of what?
Analogous structures
200
The movement of genes in or out of a population is called
Genetic flow
200
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
1. Phosphate
2. Sugar
3. Nitrogenous base
300
What kind of natural selection is shown above?
Disruptive
300
What is an example of a vestigial structure on humans?
Coccyx (tailbone)
300
Which organism is most closely related to the cat?
The leopard
300
Some species have anatomical features with similar functions, but they evolved independently. These structures are called
Analogous structures
300
Migration and hibernation are examples of
Circadian cycles
400
Where was Charles Darwin from?
England
400
Many animals have body parts that are no longer useful, but have been useful in their ancestors.
Vestigial structures
400
Which species is more closely related to Species A?
Species D
400
What is evolution?
The change in the heritable characteristics of a population over time.
400
What are lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids?
Macromolecules
500
What kind of natural selection is shown here?
Stabilizing
500
Archaeopteryx is an example of what kind of form? Why?
Transitional. Because it is the transitional form between a prehistoric reptile and a bird.
500
What 3 things do all vertebrate embryos have in common?
1. Tail
2. Eye spots
3. gills
500
The study of the distribution of organisms on earth is called
Biogeography
500
What is the definition of a food web?
An interconnected web of food chains
1000
What are the 4 ways Charles Darwin claims that natural selection works?
1. Not all individuals survive and reproduce.
2. Only individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce.
3. These individuals will pass on their beneficial traits to their offspring.
4. Over many generations, the species has evolved so that the beneficial trait is more common and the less beneficial is less common or even eliminated.
1000
Why are there gaps in the fossil record? (4 reasons)
1. The conditions for fossilization are very rare.
2. Some organisms are soft-bodied and do not have hard parts to form fossils.
3. Geological activity has destroyed fossils
4. It is unlikely that we have found all existing fossils
1000
What are the names of the 4 nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
1000
Selection in which traits that are specifically selected for by humans is known as
Artificial Selection
1000
If the grasshoppers were removed from this food web, which organism would suffer the most, the rat or the frog? Explain.
The rat because the grasshoppers are the rats main food source. The frog eats butterflies, dragonflies and fruit flies as well as grasshoppers.