Endocrine System
part of the pituitary gland is a continuation of the hypothalamus and does not produce its own hormones?
Posterior Pituitary Gland
What is atrial systole?
phase of the cardiac cycle involves the contraction of the atria, pushing blood into the ventricles
These vessels carry blood away from the heart and are usually oxygenated, except in the case of the pulmonary circulation
arteries
This type of anemia results from a deficiency in iron, leading to microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells.
Iron-deficiency anemia
These are the fragments of cells that play a key role in blood clotting and wound healing
platelets or thrombocytes
hormone that helps to retain water by decreasing urine production?
Antidiuretic Hormone
In a blood pressure measurement of 115/70, the number 70 is the
diastolic pressure
what type of blood vessel has a thick muscular wall that helps regulate blood pressure by constricting or dilating.
arterioles
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the destruction of these insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Beta cells of the Islet of Langerhans
This structure in the heart acts as the natural pacemaker, initiating the electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm
SA (sinoatrial) node
Which disease results from a deficiency in cortisol production, leading to symptoms like fatigue and muscle weakness?
Addison's
What are the atrioventricular (AV) valves?
This structure prevents backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during ventricular contraction.
This vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation in pulmonary circulation.
pulmonary artery
A patient presents with weight gain, cold intolerance, fatigue, and dry skin. Lab results show elevated TSH and low T3/T4 (thyroxine). What is the diagnosis
hypothyroidism
This blood component is responsible for maintaining blood volume and pressure, and consists of water, proteins (like albumin), and electrolytes. what is it
plasma
A patient presents with heat intolerance, weight loss despite increased appetite, and exophthalmos. Lab results show low TSH and elevated T3/T4 levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Graves Disease
Mike’s SV remains the same but his heart rate increases. What will happen to his cardiac output?
it increases.
The constricting nature of the arterioles can help with lowering blood pressure due to an increase in
resistance
Disruption in this brain structure, which regulates melatonin secretion, can lead to circadian rhythm disorders such as delayed sleep phase syndrome.
pineal gland
This hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, helps regulate sodium and water balance by promoting sodium retention in the kidneys
aldosterone
A patient with chronic cortisol excess presents with hypertension, hyperglycemia, muscle wasting, and central obesity. Identify the disorder
Cushing's disease
segment on the EKG represents the time between the end of ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization.
ST segment
This term refers to the force that the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood during systole, and is influenced by factors like arterial pressure and vessel compliance.
afterload
what type of anemia would patient with pallor, fatigue, glossitis, and neurological symptoms have. Lab results show macrocytic anemia, this is all due to an issue with the digestive system.
pernicious anemia
If blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction), there will be an increase in
systemic vascular resistance