Study of Life
Two distinct differences of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes are Multicellular
Prokaryotes are Unicellular
What is a valence shell
The outermost orbital in an electron shell
What is a polymer
A large molecule created by several monomers combining together
What is the monomer and polymer for Carbs
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Define hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Hydrophobic- Repels water
Hydrophilic- Attracts water
The three points of the Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic units of life
Cells come from pre-existing cells
What is the pH of a solution that contains 0.001 uM HNO3 solution
pH= 9
What are the four polymers found in cells that we will cover in this course
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
What are 3 monosaccharides
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Do saturated fatty acids have more or less hydrogen bonds
More hydrogen bonds
A scientist is researching how the length of geckos arms affect their survivability in tropical storms.
What are the dependent and independent variables.
Dependent- Survivability in tropical storms
Independent- Length of gecko arms
What is the atomic mass of a sodium atom with 10 neutrons, and how would you write the symbol for the isotope.
21
Na-21
A molecule that consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrate
What are the four main functions of Carbohydrates in cells
Plant energy storage
Animal energy storage
Forms cell walls
Forms exoskeletons
What are the monomer and polymers of lipids
Monomer- Fatty Acids
Polymer- Triglyceride, Phospholipids
What are the three domains of living organisms
Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea
Lithium has an atomic number of 3, Chlorine has an atomic number of 17.
What kind of bond is formed between the two, and what is the charge of the isotope
Ionic
-1
What reaction that connects monomers together create a byproduct of H2O
Dehydration Synthesis
Energy Storage: Starch, Glycogen
Structure: Cellulose, Chitin, Peptidoglycan
What is the difference between cis and trans unsaturated fats.
Cis Unsaturated Fat- Has hydrogen on one side of the double bonded carbon
Trans Unsaturated Fat- Has hydrogen on opposite sides of the double bonded carbon
Order the hierarchy of living things from atoms to molecules
Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere
Carbon has an atomic number of 6. When you remove or add a proton, what happens to Carbon? Does the charge stay the same or change?
It will become a new element
Because the electrons don't change, the new element will be an isotope
Name the bond names for each macromolecule
Carbohydrates- Glycosidic linkage
Lipids- Esther bond
Proteins- Peptide bond
Nucleic Acids- Phosphodiester Bond
Why can humans not digest cellulose
We do not have the digestive enzymes to break down cellulose, so it passes as dietary fiber
Why do phospholipids form a bilayer when placed in water
They have both hydrophobic and Hydrophilic properties