The Immune System
These are substances that trigger an immune response.
What are antigens?
This severe, life-threatening Type I hypersensitivity reaction causes airway obstruction and shock.
What is anaphylaxis?
This type of infection has spread extensively throughout the body, often via the blood.
What is a systemic infection?
This is the most common mode of HIV transmission.
What is unprotected sexual contact?
This type of therapy is used to control and suppress HIV replication.
What is antiretroviral therapy (ART)?
This type of immunity is acquired when a person gets infected and recovers.
What is natural active immunity?
This immunoglobulin (antibody) is primarily responsible for mediating Type I hypersensitivity reactions.
What is IgE?
This diagnostic test helps determine the most effective antimicrobial therapy by identifying the causative pathogen and its susceptibility to various drugs.
What is a culture and sensitivity?
This type of cell is the primary target for HIV.
What is a CD4+ T cell?
These two laboratory studies are used to monitor HIV progression.
What are CD4 cell count and viral load?
These white blood cells are responsible for directly attacking infected cells.
What are T cells?
Contact dermatitis, such as a rash from poison ivy, is an example of this type of hypersensitivity reaction.
What is Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed hypersensitivity)?
This term describes when pathogenic organisms change in ways that decrease the ability of a drug to treat disease.
What is antimicrobial resistance?
This type of cancer, caused by human herpesvirus 8, is common in advanced HIV infection.
What is Kaposi sarcoma?
This is the normal range of CD4 cells.
What is 800-1200 cells/μL?
Receiving an injection of antibodies from another person provides this type of immunity.
What is artificial passive immunity?
This term describes the severe swelling of deep layers of the skin, often occurring in Type I hypersensitivity reactions.
What is angioedema?
These precautions are designed for the care of all patients in hospitals and health care facilities to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms.
What are standard precautions?
This disorder, seen in late-stage HIV infections, occurs when the immune system is severely compromised, and the patient meets 1 of 4 criteria.
What is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
This prevention method involves taking HIV medicine daily to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV.
What is preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP)?
(Truvada or Descovy)
This immune response involves the production of antibodies by B cells.
What is humoral immunity?
In Type II hypersensitivity reactions, antibodies mistakenly target and destroy specific cells, which can lead to this serious condition when a patient receives incompatible blood.
What is hemolytic transfusion reaction?
These simple infectious particles consist of genetic material and a protein envelope and can only reproduce inside another living cell.
What are viruses?
This infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, is characterized by white, raised lesions on the tongue, and is a sign of HIV disease progression.
What is oral hairy leukoplakia?
This term describes the goal of ART to reduce the amount of circulating HIV in the blood to below the level of detection.
What is "undetectable"?