Scientific Method
What is a null hypothesis? Alternative hypothesis?
Null - independent variable has NO effect on the dependent variable
Alternative - independent variable has an affect on the dependent variable
Where does transcription and translation happen?
Transcription - within the nucleus
Translation - cytoplasm
A variation within in an allele
What do you start and end with in mitosis?
Start: one diploid cell
end: two identical daughter diploid cells
What is:
Homozygous dominant
Heterozygous
Homozygous recessive
AA
Aa
aa
What axis is the independent variable and the dependent variable?
Independent - x axis
dependent - y axis
What is a genotype? Phenotype?
Genotype - genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype - expression of that gene
What is a synonymous and non-synonymous mutation?
synonymous - a change in dna sequence but does not change codon reading
non-synonymous - a change in dna sequence and changes the codon reading
What do you start and end with in Meiosis?
Start: one diploid cell
end: four unique haploid daughter cells
What is linkage?
Genes close together on the same chromosome do not assort independently.
What is peer reviewed literature?
A study that has been review by a panel of experts
What is the mDNA strand of this DNA strand?
ATGTTTGCA
UACAAACGU
How is gene expression controlled?
Splicing - introns are removed, exons are put together and leave the nucleus
What are the main steps in mitosis?
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
What is the difference between codominance and incomplete?
Incomplete: the dominant allele is incompletely expressed in the presence of a recessive allele
Codominance: different alleles are both expressed without alteration in a heterozygote
If your hypothesis is proved wrong, should you still report your findings and why?
Yes because other people in your field can use your findings to adapt a future project.
What makes up nucleotides?
- Nitrogenous base
- Sugar
- Phosphate group
What type of mutation is this?
ORginal: AGUGGAACA
New: AGUGGAACAGAA
What are the steps of meiosis?
Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2
What is the law of independent assortment?
Alleles for different genes are passed to gametes independently of one another, so the inheritance of one trait does not usually affect the inheritance of another.
What is a control group?
A group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
What nucleotide bases are purines and which are pyrimidines?
Purines - adenine and guanine
Pyrimidines - cytosine and thymine
What type of mutation is this?
Original: AGGCAAUUGAAA
New: AGGCAUUUGAAA
Subsitution
What is a diploid cell? Haploid cell?
diploid - two sets of chromosomes
haploid - one set of chromosomes
What is the law of segregation?
Each individual has two copies (alleles) which separate during gamete formation so each gamete carries only one allele.