NS 1
What are the five divisions of the human brain?
Mylencephalon, Metencephalon, Mesencephalon, Diencephalon, Telencephalon
What is the difference between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves?
Parasympathetic nerves acts to conserve energy while sympathetic nerves act to stimulate and mobilize energy
Schwann Cells
Medulla and Reticular formation
What are the physiological measures of autonomic nervous system activity?
Skin Conductance (electrical activity on skin from sweat), EKG (heart rate), Blood pressure, and Plethysmography (blood volume)
What are the four lobes of the Telencephalon?
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
How many cranial nerves are there? Which is the longest one?
12 cranial nerves, the vagus nerve
What is the main difference between a Golgi stain and a Nissl Stain?
Golgi stain: whole neuron and axon connections
Nissl stain: clump of cell bodies
What are quasi-experimental studies?
Study of a group of subjects who have been exposed to conditions of interest in the real world (self-selected subjects)
What does it mean to lesion the brain? What are the four types
To damage, destroy, or remove a brain structure
Types: aspiration, radio-frequency, knife cuts, reversible
Which division of the brain has the colorful structures?
The Mesencephalon (specifically the tegmentum)
What structures are present in the diencephalon?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, mamillary bodies, optic chiasm
Which major fissure separates the left/right hemispheres of the brain?
Longitudinal Fissure
What divisions of the brain make up the brain stem?
Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myeloncephalon (all the divisions except for the Telenchephalon)
Which two methods use the injection of 2-deoxyglucose?
Positron emission tomography (PET) and Autoradiography
Which of the four lobes of the cerebral hemispheres does not touch the lateral fissure?
The Occipital Lobe
What are the three major fissures in the brain?
Central fissure, longitudinal fissure, and lateral fissure
Which Glial cell is the smallest and plays a role in the immune system?
Microglia
What is the function and structure of the basal ganglia?
Structures: amygdala, striatum, globus pallidus
What is a cerebral angiography?
A contrast x-ray technique for visualizing the cerebral cortex circulatory system by infusing a radio-opaque dye into a cerebral artery
What are the four different ventricles of the brain?
Two lateral ventricles, a third ventricle, and a fourth ventricle
What is the difference between a sagittal plane cut and a horizontal plane cut?
Sagittal plane: write down the middle, medial-lateral cut
Horizontal plane: parallel to the ground, dorsal-ventral cut
Which Glial cell promotes the regeneration of the PNS axons?
Schwann cells
What is the difference between dorsal root axons and ventral root axons?
Dorsal root axons: sensory (afferent) unipolar neurons
Ventral root axons: motor (efferent) multipolar neurons
Which stimulating technique is the equivalent of animal lesions in humans?
transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms)